1.Pre-operative examination: (1) Chest intensive CT (mandatory): it can show the outline and internal structure of the lesion, mediastinum, lymph node enlargement in the hilum, etc. CT scan can show the hidden parts of the lung, which is better than X-ray. (2) Blood tests (mandatory): routine blood, coagulation function, blood type, biochemistry (1+4), complete set before blood transfusion. (3) Pulmonary function (mandatory): check ventilation and ventilation function (4) ECG (mandatory): we can diagnose irregularities of heart rhythm and morphological changes of the heart caused by various heart diseases by ECG examination. (5) Ultrasound of the heart (mandatory): to understand the function of the heart and organic lesions of the heart. (6) MRI of head or enhanced CT and enhanced CT of abdomen (mandatory): to determine whether the cancer has metastasis in the head and abdominal organs (7) Bone scan (mandatory): to understand whether there is tumor metastasis in the bones of the whole body, and to add MRI locally if necessary (8) X-ray (optional): that is, frontal and lateral chest films, which can help determine the location, size, scope and nature of lesions. (9) Sputum cytology examination (optional): the shed cancer cells can be coughed out with sputum, and sputum is an effective method for early diagnosis of lung cancer, with a positive rate of more than 80%. The method is: repeatedly coughing gently after gargling in the morning, and then coughing up sputum from the deep part of the lung with force. It should be noted that the sputum must be coughed out from the trachea of the lungs, and saliva and nasal mucus should not be mixed in for the test. (10) Bronchoscopy (mandatory): It has a high positive rate for the diagnosis of central lung cancer and can directly observe local tissue changes locally, perform biopsy, and send pathological sections for tissue typing. To understand the situation in the trachea and bronchial lumen before surgery. 2. Preoperative preparation: (1) abdominal pressurized breathing training: the patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position, relaxes the whole body, places both hands on the upper abdomen, inhales deeply, raises the hands to the top, and then exhales the air slowly. This can be done 30-50 times a day in the morning, afternoon and evening to increase lung ventilation. (2) Effective coughing: The patient takes a sitting or semi-recumbent position with relaxed shoulders and upper body leaning forward, takes 2-3 deep breaths and then inhales as deeply as possible, holds the breath for 1 to 2 seconds, opens the mouth and throat at the same time, makes a maximum cough with the force of the chest and abdomen, and the coughing sound vibrates out from the chest. It should be noted that effective coughing after surgery does not affect wound healing. To reduce the pain caused by pulling the wound when coughing, you can press the wound with your hand or pillow. (3) Quit smoking and alcohol: Among them, quit smoking for at least 15 days. (4) Psychological preparation: do self-adjustment, you can chat and relax with friends and relatives to minimize the tension; open-chest surgery generally uses posterior lateral incision, long incision, intraoperative propping up of ribs, stimulation of chest tube when coughing up sputum after surgery will cause strong pain, although there are various pain relief methods, but no pain after surgery is impossible, so patients should be psychologically prepared to bear pain before surgery; open-chest surgery will destroy The negative pressure in the chest cavity will be destroyed, and the postoperative lung reopening needs the patient’s efforts, and coughing and sputum discharge is a necessary means. 3.What are the preparations one day before surgery? (1) Skin preparation: The nurse will shave the body hair in the operation area according to the operation method to prevent incision infection. (2) Diet: Three normal meals are sufficient. (3) Blood preparation: 4-6 ml of venous blood will be drawn and sent to the blood bank for intraoperative use. (4) Training of bed urination and defecation: After surgery, the patient needs to defecate in bed because he carries a closed chest drainage tube, and toileting is unchanged. The change of defecation posture will affect the discharge of urine and stool, so the patient should have a potty or stool pot ready the day before surgery to contact the bed to defecate and adapt in advance. (5) Enema (optional application): The night before surgery, the nurse will inject a glycerin enema through the anus for laxative purposes and to prevent postoperative abdominal distention. (6) Before entering the operating room patients should take off all their own clothes, clean patient clothes and change down glasses, dentures, hairpins, watches, jewelry, etc. to family members for safekeeping, such as hand C can not be removed need to be wrapped with bandages. (7) Sleep: Ensure good sleep to meet the surgery in a good mental state. If you find it difficult to fall asleep, you can take Valium tablets to help you sleep.