Snoring and sleep apnea outpatient sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome is a clinical syndrome in which a series of pathophysiological changes occur in the body due to various reasons leading to recurrent apnea and/or hypoventilation, hypercapnia, and sleep disruption during sleep. Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a common disease with potential hazards, but has not yet attracted widespread attention. According to domestic and international statistics, the prevalence rate is about 1-4% in adults and 20-40% in the elderly, and the actual prevalence rate in the population may be much higher than this. Epidemiology of sleep apnea syndrome Concept Sleep apnea (apnea): the cessation of oral and nasal airflow for ≥10 seconds during sleep Types 1, obstructive: no airflow from the mouth and nose, but thoracic and abdominal respiratory movement still exists; 2, central type: simultaneous pause of the oral and nasal airflow and the thoracic and abdominal respiratory movement; 3, mixed type: in the process of an apnea, the beginning of the central apnea, followed by the emergence of the obstructive type of apnea. Mixed apnea: central apnea at the beginning of an apnea, followed by obstructive apnea. Causes 1, nasal causes: nasal septum deviation, nasal polyps, turbinate hypertrophy, nasal mucosal congestion and hypertrophy, chronic rhinitis, etc.; 2, pharyngeal causes: tonsil and adenoid hyperplasia and hypertrophy, hypertrophy of the uvula, soft palate hypertrophy and hypoplasia, hypertrophy of the tongue, etc.; 3, congenital anatomical deformities: mandibular developmental deformities (such as small jaw deformities commonly known as a small chin), mandibular retroversion, etc.; 4, functional causes: the daytime airway during waking hours, and during sleep, the muscle tension around the airway is normal. If the airway is normal during the daytime when you are awake, the muscle tension around the airway decreases when you are sleeping, plus the narrowing of the airway caused by the fall of the tongue root when you are lying on your back and snoring, hyperventilation or apnea occur. Causes 1, obesity: obese people have excessive fat deposited in the neck, causing narrowing of the airway; 2, gender: men are significantly higher than women. The low incidence of women may be related to female hormones, and the incidence of menopausal women is increased; 3, endocrine diseases: hypothyroidism, acromegaly, etc.; 4, drinking and taking sedative sleeping pills: inhibit breathing and aggravate the condition; 5, smoking: cause upper respiratory tract inflammation and edema, resulting in narrowing of the airway; 6, heredity: family snoring patients can be seen; 7, age: with the growth of age, the incidence of snoring also rises, which is associated with This is related to obesity, neuromuscular function decline and other factors. Symptoms during night sleep (1) snoring (2) abnormal behavior during sleep – hyperactivity, sleepwalking; (3) night sleep disorders – less REM and NREM stage 3 sleep; (4) waking up from sleep with suffocation; (5) cardiac arrhythmia: sinus bradycardia, tachycardia, ventricular premature, and so on; (6) oesophageal reflux: burning sensation of the stomach, acid reflux; (7) nocturnal enuresis and urine loss; (8) nocturnal enuresis; (9) nocturnal urination and urinary leakage; (10) nocturnal enuresis. (7) Increased nocturia and nocturnal enuresis; (8) Excessive sweating at night. Daytime symptoms: (1) drowsiness; (2) morning headache, dry mouth; (3) memory loss, decreased concentration; (4) personality changes – anxiousness, irritability, sudden anxiety, slow reaction, jealousy; (5) decreased sexual function.