What is laparoscopic surgery? Laparoscopic surgery is an operation performed by using a laparoscope of 3mm to 10mm in diameter to enter the abdominal cavity through a 1cm diameter puncture hole, and then placing other minimally invasive instruments into the abdominal cavity. The laparoscope is illuminated by a cold light source (non-heating light, such as fluorescent lamps, but of course, xenon is the most common medical application) and the images are displayed on a monitor using digital camera technology (like a CCD or CMOS in a digital camera). The surgeon then performs the surgery by looking at the monitor. Since laparoscopic surgery is mostly performed using the 2- to 4-hole operation method, one of them is opened near the body’s navel, which is basically invisible after surgery. Therefore, only 1 to 3 surgical incisions of 0.5 to 1 cm are left in the upper abdominal cavity. Therefore, some people call it “keyhole surgery”, “minimally invasive surgery” or “micro-entry surgery”. Second, the development of laparoscopic surgery laparoscopic surgery in the late 1980s by the French surgeon Philipe Mouret first completed, in May 1988, the French physician Dubois first published a successful case, and in April of the following year at the annual meeting of the American Association of Gastrointestinal Endoscopists showed a video of the operation, a sensation. Especially in the United States, a boom in laparoscopic cholecystectomy was created, which led to the development of laparoscopic cholecystectomy from animal experiments and clinical exploration stage to clinical practice. In the 1990s, the first laparoscopic cholecystectomy was completed in China. In the past three decades, as many as dozens of laparoscopic surgical procedures (including almost all traditional open surgery) have been performed in China, with millions of completed cases. Third, the surgical incision of laparoscopy More than 2 to 4 holes operation method (conventional cholecystectomy can apply 1~2 small holes for surgery, the number of holes is related to the proficiency of the surgeon, disease condition, abdominal adhesions, surgical instruments and patient expenditure costs), one of which is opened near the navel of the human body and basically invisible after surgery. Therefore, only one to three surgical incisions of 0.5 to 1 cm are left in the upper abdominal area. At the end of the surgery, the wounds are usually either made with internal sutures and the surface is glued with bio-adhesive or medical tape. So most of the stitches do not have to be removed. However, care should be taken to keep the wound clean and dry. After complete healing (about 7~10 days), it can be exposed to water only. Fourth, the diet after laparoscopic surgery Usually general anesthesia is applied for laparoscopy (i.e.: completely unknown during surgery). Except for gastrointestinal surgery, eating can be resumed after recovery (about 6 hours after surgery), at first, drink some warm water, if there is no discomfort, then you can start to eat liquid food (e.g.: thin rice), and normal diet can be resumed in the next day. Avoid stimulating foods. Diet should be resumed gradually after gastrointestinal surgery according to the recovery of the intestine, generally a few days earlier than traditional open surgery. For postoperative symptoms such as nausea and vomiting, there is no need to force eating, and antibiotics and nutrition can be supplemented by an IV. V. Differences between laparoscopic surgery and traditional open surgery Small abdominal wall trauma and fast recovery. Smaller exposure of the peritoneal cavity, lighter contamination, and lower chance of postoperative intestinal adhesions. Adequate surgical field exposure for certain procedures compared to traditional surgery. Minimal surgical disturbance. Incision, ligation and hemostasis mainly rely on electrocoagulation surgery to complete, and foreign bodies at the surgical site are significantly reduced, which is conducive to early postoperative recovery. Sixth, what kind of surgery can be completed by laparoscopy In theory, almost all traditional open surgery can be completed by laparoscopy. However, when laparoscopic surgery is performed, the operator can only operate with the help of two-dimensional images on the monitor, which lacks a sense of three-dimensionality; he cannot directly touch the texture of the lesion, and sometimes it is difficult to judge the scope and nature of the lesion. Therefore, laparoscopic surgery relies heavily on surgical equipment and instruments, and requires a high level of skill from the attending surgeon. In addition, if the patient has had previous abdominal surgery, especially open surgery close to the location of the lesion, there will be varying degrees of adhesions in the abdominal cavity, which will make laparoscopic surgery more difficult. Common types of laparoscopic surgery in general surgery include: cholecystectomy, appendectomy, hernia repair, thyroidectomy, major gastrectomy, partial colectomy, radical rectal cancer, splenectomy, pancreatic body tail resection, partial hepatectomy, etc. Whether a specific disease is suitable for laparoscopic surgery is determined by the surgeon according to the specific conditions of the lesion.