Laparoscopic surgery is a newly developed minimally invasive approach and is an inevitable trend in the development of future surgical methods. With the rapid advancement of industrial manufacturing technology, the integration of related disciplines has laid a firm foundation for the development of new techniques and methods, which, together with the increasing skill of the surgeon, has resulted in many open surgeries of the past now being replaced by intracavitary surgery, greatly increasing the surgical options. The traditional method of laparoscopic surgery involves making 2-5 small 1 cm incisions in the patient’s abdomen and inserting a tube-like working channel called “trocar” into each of them, through which all subsequent operations are performed; the same steps as in open surgery are completed with specially designed extended surgical instruments under television surveillance to achieve the same surgical results.
I. Indications
Compared with traditional surgery, laparoscopic surgery is very popular among patients, especially because of the small postoperative scar and aesthetic requirements, which young patients are more willing to accept, and minimally invasive surgery is the general trend and the goal of surgical development. At present, the gold standard of laparoscopic surgery is cholecystectomy, and generally speaking, laparoscopic surgery can be completed for most general surgical procedures. Such as appendectomy, gastric and duodenal ulcer perforation repair, hernia repair, colectomy, splenectomy, adrenalectomy, ovarian cyst removal, ectopic pregnancy, hysterectomy, etc. With the increasing perfection of laparoscopic technology and the improvement of the operation level of laparoscopic surgeons, almost all surgical procedures can be performed with this procedure.
II Surgical procedure
What exactly is a laparoscope? Experts describe it as an instrument with a miniature camera. Laparoscopic surgery is surgery performed with a laparoscope and its associated instruments: a cold light source is used to provide illumination, a laparoscopic lens (3-10 mm in diameter) is inserted into the abdominal cavity, and the images captured by the laparoscopic lens are transmitted via optical fibers to a back-end signal processing system and displayed in real time on a dedicated monitor using digital camera technology. The surgeon then analyzes the patient’s condition and performs the surgery with special laparoscopic instruments by using images of the patient’s organs from different angles displayed on the monitor screen. Laparoscopic surgery is mostly performed with 2-5 holes, one of which is opened on the navel of the human body to avoid leaving long scars on the patient’s abdominal area, and after recovery, only 1-3 linear scars of 0.5-1 cm are left on the abdominal area. surgery. The development of laparoscopic surgery has reduced the pain of incision, shortened the patient’s recovery period, and relatively reduced the patient’s expenses, making it a rapidly developing surgical procedure in recent years.
Three features
1.Multi-angle “inspection”, the effect is intuitive
Laparoscopy can examine the abdominal organs from different angles and directions without involving them, and can even see some deep locations to achieve the effect of intuitive examination, no missed diagnosis and no misdiagnosis.
2.Fast recovery
The lumpectomy is performed in the closed pelvic and abdominal cavity, the interference of the internal environment is very small, and the trauma suffered by the patient is much smaller than that of open surgery, and the patient recovers quickly after the operation, without complications and sequelae.
3.Short hospitalization time
The operation is operated by professional physicians, and the treatment can be completed in a short time without affecting the normal physiological function, and the patient can resume normal life and work after the operation.
4.Good abdominal beauty effect
Traditional surgery scars are in long lines and affect the appearance, but lumpectomy does not leave scars, which is especially suitable for women’s beauty needs.
5.Less pelvic adhesions
Minimally invasive technology, no incision is needed, and the operation interferes little with the pelvic cavity, there is no gauze and no hand contact with the tissue, and few sutures or no sutures are needed. The pelvic cavity is fully flushed during the operation, so there are far fewer pelvic adhesions in patients after lumpectomy than after open surgery.
IV Advantages
Laparoscopic surgery has the following advantages compared with traditional surgery.
1, laparoscopic surgery on the abdominal cavity organs disturbance is small, to avoid the air and air dust bacteria on the abdominal cavity of the irritation and pollution. The operation is mainly based on electroincision and electrocoagulation, with first coagulation and then dissection of blood vessels, complete hemostasis and minimal bleeding, and thorough flushing before the end of the operation to keep the abdominal cavity clean.
Thus, the postoperative intestinal function recovers quickly, can eat earlier, and greatly reduces the factors of postoperative intestinal adhesions.
2, laparoscopic surgery is a representative of real minimally invasive surgery, trauma is greatly reduced, the surgical process and postoperative recovery is easy and less painful.
3, after surgery can be early out of bed, sleep position is relatively free, greatly reducing the intensity of family members accompanying care.
4.The abdominal wall poke holes are small (ranging from 3-10mm), scattered and concealed, and do not affect the aesthetics after healing.
5.General anesthesia is generally used, the monitoring is complete, and the safety is greatly increased.
6, poke hole infection is far less than the traditional open incision infection or fat liquefaction.
7, abdominal wall poke hole instead of abdominal wall incision, avoid the injury of abdominal wall muscles, blood vessels and the corresponding nerves, postoperative weakness of the abdominal wall and abdominal wall incision hernia will not occur, will not affect the motor function because of abdominal wall muscle scarring, will not cause the corresponding skin numbness because of abdominal wall nerve cut.
V Disadvantages
However, laparoscopic surgery also has its own disadvantages such as.
1, laparoscopic equipment is expensive operation is more complex. It requires retraining in laparoscopic surgery and has technical requirements for the surgeon.
2, preoperative difficulty in estimating the operating time, special circumstances require intraoperative change to open surgery.
3, laparoscopic surgery in special circumstances increased surgical risk.