Non-small cell lung cancer accounts for about 80% of lung cancer, and 70% to 80% of patients are already in advanced stage when diagnosed. Therefore, in recent years, the treatment of lung cancer emphasizes early detection and early treatment, while multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment is advocated in the middle and late stages to improve the efficacy, prolong the survival and improve the quality of life. In China, Chinese medicine has a long history of treating malignant tumors and possesses a unique theoretical system and precise curative effect. Especially in the past half century, a number of clinical studies on the treatment of tumors by TCM and combined Chinese and Western medicine have been carried out, which have confirmed its exact efficacy. 1.Lung cancer pathogenesis Chinese medicine believes that the pathogenesis of lung cancer is mainly due to the deficiency of positive energy, imbalance of yin and yang, evil toxins invade the lungs, evil stagnates in the chest, and the lung gas stalls off the goblet stool station 郏枚 zuo tumor. Lung cancer is a disease caused by deficiency, and it is a disease in which the whole body is deficient and the local body is real. Lung tumor is only a local manifestation of the systemic disease. Therefore, the treatment of lung cancer in TCM includes the treatment of removing the evil by supporting the deficiency to cure the root, clearing the heat and detoxifying the toxin, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, resolving phlegm and dampness, and softening and dispersing the knots. According to the whole body and local conditions, the deficiency of evil in different stages, Chinese medicine treats lung cancer from a holistic point of view and takes the principle of “supporting the righteous and dispelling the evil”. It also does not neglect the combination with modern medicine such as surgery, radiation, chemical and targeted drugs and herbal medicines to eliminate evil and other effective measures. The organic combination of Chinese medicine and Western medicine treatment methods, complementing each other’s strengths and complementing each other’s weaknesses, and comprehensive treatment, can bring into full play the greatest advantages of both, so as to achieve a good effect of prolonging the survival period and improving the quality of survival, and make it possible for patients to “survive with tumor”. The role of TCM in the treatment of early, middle and late stages of lung cancer In clinical practice, surgery is the main treatment for early and middle stages of lung cancer, but a lot of clinical studies have confirmed the following important roles of TCM in the comprehensive treatment of tumors: (1) TCM treatment for early stage lung cancer patients after surgery can help postoperative recovery, alleviate symptoms and reduce postoperative complications. (2) In the postoperative adjuvant treatment stage, TCM can reduce the toxicity and increase the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy and chemotherapy (efficacy and toxicity reduction), and maintain the quality of survival. (4) For patients with advanced stage and unsuitable for surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the application of Chinese medicine treatment can improve clinical symptoms, relieve pain, improve the quality of survival, and control tumor development to a certain extent and prolong the survival time of patients. The clinical research on the treatment of stage III and IV non-small cell lung cancer by the method of Fu Zheng, for example, has been conducted by Longhua Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine through a multicenter, large sample, randomized and controlled method for a long time. This provides reliable evidence-based evidence for the efficacy of TCM in the treatment of tumors. 5. Discussion Clinical and experimental studies on the treatment of tumors with TCM and TCM combination have achieved promising results and have become the characteristic therapy in the field of oncology in China. Combining the strengths of TCM, which focuses on regulating the whole body, improving the symptoms and quality of survival, stabilizing the lesions and prolonging the survival period, and the treatment method of Western medicine, which focuses on killing the local cancer, have significantly improved the efficacy of treating tumors, prolonging the survival period and improving the quality of survival. It is increasingly accepted by patients, and gradually accepted and recognized by international and domestic scholars. However, Chinese medicine treatment of tumors should also be guided by the holistic concept and the idea of evidence-based treatment, individualized treatment, human-oriented, introduction of evidence-based medical research methods for clinical research, and optimization of comprehensive treatment plans and standardization in order to make contributions to the world oncology community.