According to the etiology and manifestations of intractable epilepsy, it can be broadly classified into three major categories: 1. Intractable epileptic syndromes: Epileptic syndromes are different from common epilepsy in that they have a special etiology pathogenesis clinical manifestations treatment and evolutionary pattern The International League Against Epilepsy identifies epileptic syndromes as epilepsy consisting of special symptoms and signs. The main reported refractory epileptic syndromes are: early infantile epileptic encephalopathy, infantile spasms, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, persistent partial epilepsy, Sturge-Weber syndrome, Rasmussen syndrome, Otahara syndrome, severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy, tuberous sclerosis, medial temporal lobe epilepsy and certain types of myoclonic epilepsy syndromes, etc. 2, special causes of symptomatic epilepsy: tumor trauma, vascular malformation cerebrovascular disease various metabolic diseases hypoxic developmental abnormalities infection parasites nutritional disorders endocrine disorders and certain drugs can cause seizures, these have a clear cause of epilepsy is called symptomatic epilepsy. This is the result of poor treatment. A small number of patients are part of refractory epilepsy because of drug gene mutations or innate tolerance to drugs due to individual factors that make it difficult for traditional drugs to work.