Congenital ureteral stenosis is a group of clinical symptoms resulting from congenital narrowing of some or all of the lumen of the ureter in children. Congenital ureteral stenosis occurs mainly at the ureteropelvic junction, the ureterobladder junction, and rarely at the midsection. Histology reveals a decrease in smooth muscle cells and no increase in fibrous tissue, but the migrating epithelium is normal. Congenital ureteral stenosis causes hydronephrosis, which can lead to pain in the lower back and abdomen, and the kidneys can be palpated on examination, accompanied by hematuria and other symptoms in children. If there is a combination of infection, there may be symptoms such as chills and fever. Through urological ultrasound, magnetic resonance, CT, retrograde urography and other examinations, dilatation of the ureter above the stenotic segment and hydronephrosis can be detected, so as to make a clear diagnosis. Congenital ureteral stenosis is mainly treated by surgery. The urologist will choose the appropriate surgical methods according to the imaging results of the child, including ureteral balloon dilatation, pyeloplasty, ureterocystocele reimplantation, ureteral stricture resection + end-to-end anastomosis, and ileocecal substitution ureteroplasty.