Circumcision means that the foreskin covers the urethral opening but can be turned up to reveal the urethral opening and the head of the penis, but is often accompanied by a prepuce. The circumcision is the narrowing of the foreskin opening or the adhesion of the foreskin to the head of the penis so that the foreskin cannot be turned up to reveal the urethral opening and the head of the penis. A, circumcision hazards circumcised men, when having sex, it is easy to bring the foreskin scale and bacteria into the wife’s vagina, so that the wife occurs vaginitis and cervicitis, etc.. It has been confirmed that the foreskin scale contains cholesterol, which can be transformed into carcinogenic substances by bacteria and can cause cervical cancer by stimulating women’s vagina and cervix for a long time. According to foreign surveys, 80% of cervical cancer patients have a long-term sexual partner who is circumcised or circumcised. Second, does circumcision have to be cut? As to whether the foreskin should be removed or not, Dr. Wang’s opinion is that as long as daily cleaning is paid attention to and no inflammation of the foreskin occurs, surgical treatment is not necessary. For those who do not have the conditions or cannot adhere to daily cleaning of the foreskin and repeated inflammation of the foreskin, surgery is required to remove the overgrown foreskin. For circumcised patients, if they do not receive surgical treatment, it may lead to penile cancer. Third, the best age for circumcision? Children: Generally speaking, by the age of 3 to 5, the head of penis of more than half of the boys can be revealed gradually, at that time, if there are still some adhesions of foreskin, you can find a urologist to perform the release of foreskin adhesions. 5-6 years old and later, if the opening of foreskin is still very narrow and the head of penis cannot be revealed by turning the foreskin upward during examination, you can choose surgery. It is generally not recommended to operate after the age of 12, and it is recommended to do it at the age of 8-10, which can be done with local anesthesia. before the age of 7, most children do not cooperate due to psychological tolerance, and generally need intravenous general anesthesia, the disadvantage of which is that the cost increases and the risk of anesthesia increases, so it is recommended to consider doing local anesthesia surgery after the age of 8 if they are more cooperative. If there are difficulties in urination, repeated inflammation of the glans coronalis, urinary tract infections, or if the penis is too short, hypospadias, or occult penis due to circumcision, then you need to come to the hospital as soon as possible for early treatment. Adults: Adult circumcision can be operated at any time. Fourth, circumcision surgery method 1. Traditional circumcision – the most classic surgery method Anesthesia: local infiltration anesthesia for adults, general anesthesia or semi-anesthesia is needed for children. Surgery time: surgery about 20-30 minutes Surgery method: surgical cuff-like excision of excess foreskin, subcutaneous bleeding point electrocoagulation hemostasis, foreskin two cutting edge absorbable thread suture, elastic bandage bandage. Post-operative care: the bandage gauze will be removed 3 days after surgery. To remove the bandage gauze, use disinfectant, incision disinfection, can take oral anti-swelling, anti-erectile and other drugs, generally do not need to use antibiotics. There is no need for other treatments such as infusions and light. Advantages: Suitable for all people. The incision heals quickly, about 7-10 days, edema subsides quickly, sutures fall off automatically, no need to remove stitches. The overall cost is minimal. Disadvantages: Long operation time and the most intraoperative bleeding of all surgical procedures. Because the bleeding point is electrocoagulated to stop bleeding, intra-circumcisional and incisional bleeding may occur after surgery. No bathing for 5 days after surgery and until the incision is healed. Suggestion: Outpatient surgery is available. Observe for half an hour after surgery and go home without any special discomfort. Disposable circumcision anastomosis – commonly known as “ring”, the most commonly used brand: commercial ring Anesthesia: local infiltration anesthesia for adults, children need general anesthesia or semi-anesthesia. Procedure time: about 5-10 minutes procedure Procedure: Matching anastomosis according to the diameter of the penis. The anastomosis is divided into an inner ring and an outer ring. The inner ring is placed on the penis first, the foreskin is turned over to the inner ring, the length of the inner and outer plates are adjusted, the outer ring is seized to the inner ring, and the excess foreskin is removed. The foreskin will naturally necrotize and heal at the seized area. Post-operative care: You can take a shower the day after surgery. Use disinfectant solution and disinfect the incision. Oral medications such as anti-swelling and anti-erection can be taken, and antibiotics are usually not needed. There is no need for other treatments such as infusion and light. The ring is removed 8-10 days after the procedure. Advantages: shorter operation time, medium overall cost, standard round surgical incision. You can shower the same day after surgery. No intraoperative bleeding and very little chance of postoperative bleeding. Disadvantages: The ring will be removed 8-10 days after surgery, and it is slightly painful when removing the ring. The incision will take about 3 weeks to heal after the ring is removed, during which there may be necrosis of the incision tissue, increased yellow discharge, and incision cracking, but it can generally heal automatically. The edema is slow to subside. Suggestions: outpatient surgery, postoperative observation for half an hour, no special discomfort can go home. 3. Disposable circumcision and suturing – commonly known as “shotgun” Anesthesia: local infiltration anesthesia for adults, general anesthesia or semi-anesthesia for children. Surgery time: the operation takes about 5-10 minutes Surgery method: choose the matching circumcision device according to the diameter of the penis. The bell-shaped glans seat is placed, and the excess foreskin is cut at once after adjusting the length of the tether and the inner plate, while the titanium suture staples are fixed and the incision is wrapped with an elastic bandage. Postoperative care: the bandage gauze is removed 3 days after surgery. After the removal of the bandage gauze, disinfectant solution is used, the incision is disinfected, oral medications such as anti-swelling and anti-erectile can be taken, and antibiotics are generally not needed. There is no need for other treatments such as infusion and light. After removing the dressing gauze for 3 days after surgery, you can take a shower and dry it promptly after showering or blow dryer. Some of the suture staples cannot come off on their own and need to be removed manually if they are more than 1 month old. Advantages: The operation time is short, does not affect the next day’s life and work, the surgical incision is standard round, less intraoperative bleeding, and light postoperative edema. The suture staples fall off automatically and the postoperative healing time is comparable to that of traditional surgery. Disadvantages: The overall cost is the highest among the three surgical methods. Bruising may occur on the foreskin and glans after surgery, but all will subside naturally. Not suitable for patients with prepuce, or those with asymmetrical foreskin development or short penile ties. Suggestion: outpatient surgery, observe for half an hour after surgery, and go home without any special discomfort. V. Precautions after circumcision surgery 1. Do not engage in strenuous activities and physical labor after surgery, eat a light diet, do not eat spicy and other stimulating foods; abstain from smoking and alcohol. Do not ride a bicycle. You can take a bath on the tenth day after surgery to avoid wound infection. 2. After surgery, you should strictly follow the medical advice for treatment and take medication on time. Loose cotton underwear should be worn to reduce the friction of the penis head and keep the perineum fresh and breathable, which is conducive to keeping the blood circulation smooth. 3. Avoid all factors that induce penile erection, such as sexual intercourse, and sex-related stimulation, to prevent tearing or bleeding of the cutting edge. If you have an erection, please hold the incision with your hand to prevent bleeding and cracking of the wound. 4. Keep clean and dry, if the gauze is wet with urine when urinating, it should be changed in time; after urinating and defecating, it should be scrubbed carefully to prevent local pollution; after circumcision, some patients may experience local discomfort of the foreskin, which should not be scratched at this time to avoid infection. 5. adult patients, try not to have intercourse during the recovery period, in about a month after the operation, patients can resume conjugal life.