For a 46 year old patient, the standard heart rate range at rest is 60-100 beats per minute. If the patient wants to further evaluate whether there is a current heart rate abnormality, it is recommended that an ambulatory electrocardiogram (ECG) be performed directly, which provides a relatively better assessment of whether the current heart rate is abnormal. There are many causes of rapid or slow heart rate, including ionic disorders, thyroid dysfunction, heart failure, and in some cases emotional stress or cardiac neurosis. If the patient has cardiovascular disease, although the standard heart rate range is 60-100 beats per minute, it is recommended that the patient should try to keep the heart rate as slow as possible, preferably at 55-60 beats per minute.