In 1934, Mixter and Barr reported the success of surgical removal of a prolapsed lumbar disc and achieved good results. In 1946, Fang Xianzhi, a pioneer teacher of orthopedics in China, carried out surgery for lumbar disc herniation and published “Rupture of lumbar intervertebral disc fibrous ring with clinical case report of 47 cases” in 1952 in a foreign scientific journal. — Subsequently, scholars at home and abroad carried out lumbar disc removal and conducted in-depth research on lumbar disc herniation. What are the causes about the onset of lumbar disc herniation? Many patients always ask “how did this problem occur” at the clinic? Is there any way to prevent it? The main change is the dehydration of the nucleus pulposus. After dehydration, the disc loses its normal elasticity and tension (just like wrinkles on the face when you get older), and on this basis, the nucleus pulposus protrudes from the area due to a weakening or rupture of the annulus fibrosus caused by heavy trauma or repeated inconspicuous injuries. The nucleus pulposus mostly protrudes into the spinal canal from the lateral posterior side (a few can be on both sides at the same time), compressing the nerve root and producing signs of nerve root injury; it can also protrude posteriorly from the center, compressing the cauda equina and causing urinary and fecal disorders. If the annulus fibrosus ruptures completely, the broken nucleus pulposus enters the spinal canal, causing extensive damage to the cauda equina. Because of the heavy load and activities in the lower back, the protrusion mostly occurs in the lumbar 4/5 and lumbar 5/sacral 1 spaces. Then we need to understand what symptoms there will be after having lumbar disc herniation? Low back pain and pain radiating from one lower limb are the main symptoms of the disease. Low back pain often occurs before leg pain, or both can occur at the same time; most of them have a history of trauma, and there can be no clear cause. The pain has the following characteristics: 1. The radiating pain is transmitted along the sciatic nerve and goes straight to the lateral calf, dorsum of the foot or toes. 2. Any action that increases the pressure of cerebrospinal fluid, such as coughing, sneezing and defecation, can aggravate the back pain and radiating pain. 3.The pain increases with activity and decreases after rest. Bed position: Most patients adopt lateral recumbency and flex the affected limbs; individual severe cases have pain in all positions and can only bend their hips and knees in bed to relieve symptoms. In combination with lumbar spinal stenosis, there is often intermittent claudication (that is, taking a break to walk a certain distance, and then taking a break to walk the same distance before needing to rest). Scoliosis deformity (the pain is relieved when the patient turns to the side due to the pain, so these patients will walk crookedly). After reading the above, do you have similar symptoms? If so, we recommend that you go to the hospital. Having said that, it’s time to find out how to treat the problem, which is actually very simple: surgical and non-surgical. Most patients can be relieved by non-surgical treatment. Only a few patients need surgical treatment. Whether non-surgical treatment can make the herniated disc retract and the ruptured annulus fibrosus heal, there is not enough evidence to make a definite conclusion. However, at least aseptic inflammation of the nerve root may subside, adhesions may be loosened, and compression may be partially or completely relieved, resulting in symptomatic relief or complete disappearance. However, in some severe cases, because of the large protruding nucleus pulposus and severe nerve compression, early surgery is required to release the nerve compression, otherwise the nerve will have irreversible changes.