(1) Degenerative changes: At present, it is believed that the basic etiology is degenerative changes of the lumbar intervertebral disc. Degeneration is the objective law of birth, growth, decay and death of all organisms, and every organ, every tissue and every cell in the human body is irresistibly subject to the process of degeneration. Because of the special physiological function of the lumbar spine, the degeneration of the lumbar disc is earlier than other tissues and organs, and progresses relatively quickly. This is a long-term, complex process. Due to the compression of the intervertebral discs by weight, coupled with the lumbar and often flexion, back extension and other activities, easy to cause extrusion and wear of the intervertebral discs, especially the lower lumbar intervertebral discs, thus producing degenerative changes. (2) external force: in daily life and work, some people often have long-term lumbar force improper, excessive force posture or incorrect body position, etc.. For example, coal miners and construction workers who are engaged in long-term bending work need to frequently bend over to lift heavy objects. These long-term repeated injuries caused by external forces act on the intervertebral disc over time, increasing the degree of degeneration. (3) Weakness of the disc’s own anatomical factors: ① the disc gradually lacks blood circulation after adulthood, and its repair ability is poor, especially after degeneration, the repair ability is even weaker; ② the posterior lateral fibrous ring of the disc is weaker, and the posterior longitudinal ligament is significantly reduced in width at the 5th lumbar vertebra and 1st sacral vertebra plane, so the strengthening effect on the fibrous ring is obviously weakened; ③ congenital abnormalities of the lumbosacral segment: deformities of the lumbosacral segment can increase the incidence, including lumbar sacralization, sacral lumbarization, hemivertebral deformities, small joint deformities, and articular protrusion asymmetry. These abnormalities often result in unequal gap widths and often cause more rotational strain on the synovial joints, exposing the annulus fibrosus to varying pressure and accelerating degeneration. (4) Race, genetic factors: The incidence of colored races is lower, such as Indians and black Africans, etc. The incidence is significantly lower than other ethnic groups. About 32% of adolescent patients younger than 20 years old have a family history. A researcher investigated 63 patients younger than 21 years old who had undergone lumbar disc surgery, and the proportion of their parents suffering from the same disease was much greater than the normal population.