The spine clinic often encounters patients who come to the clinic and directly tell the doctor that they have a herniated disc and ask the doctor how to treat it. Because of receiving the above incorrect information, they often equate low back pain with herniated disc, worrying that they will have to undergo surgery in the future and will lose their ability to work, feeling extremely fearful of this disease. What is low back pain? Low back pain is mainly caused by various causes involving the muscles, fascia, bones, joints and nerves of the lower back, mainly the lumbosacral plexus nerve, resulting in pain in the lower back, buttocks and lower limbs. What are the causes of low back pain? The causes of low back and leg pain are complex, including congenital and acquired factors, acute and chronic injuries, and local and systemic factors. Traumatic: acute and chronic muscle injury; acute or fatigue fracture of the spine. Degenerative diseases: lumbar small joint dysfunction; lumbar disc degeneration discogenic pain; lumbar disc herniation; lumbar spinal stenosis; lumbar spondylolisthesis; degenerative or traumatic small arthritis; sacroiliac joint inflammation. Congenital or developmental malformations such as hemivertebrae, scoliosis, kyphosis, lumbar sacralization or sacral lumbarization, transverse process overgrowth or hypertrophy, transverse iliac pseudoarthrosis formation, and spinal cord embolism Metabolic diseases: osteoporosis and fractures in old age or after menopause; hyperparathyroidism, hyperuricemia, etc. Lesions of adjacent organs, such as inflammation of the pelvis, inflammation or tumors of the digestive system, tumors or inflammation of the urinary system, etc. Tumor diseases: such as spinal metastases, hematologic diseases such as myeloma and lymphoma, intravertebral tumors, primary tumors such as osteoid osteoma, bone giant, and osteosarcoma, etc. Inflammatory diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, tuberculosis of the spine and bone joints, Brucella infection, and some nonspecific bacterial infections. Occupational factors, such as porters, long hours of bending and desk work, car drivers and weight lifters. Other poor lifestyle habits, such as prolonged poor posture, such as prolonged computer and cell phone viewing, lying down to watch TV, etc.