Many patients are often told to undergo endoscopy (nasal endoscopy, fiberoptic laryngoscopy, etc.) when they visit the otolaryngology department. Many patients think that the examination will be painful and are very nervous during the examination, and some even refuse the examination, which delays the condition and causes lifelong regrets. Why is endoscopy necessary? The organs of otorhinolaryngology are mostly located in deep, small cavities with small lesions, especially when the cooperation of patients with conventional examination is poor (such as the pharynx is sensitive and prone to nausea), it is very difficult to expose the lesions, and in some cases even impossible to expose; and conventional examination is limited by the field of view and lighting conditions, showing limited clarity and scope, especially difficult to show early lesions. Therefore, it is necessary to use endoscopy to direct the light source into the vicinity of the lesion to display the lesion in a multi-angle, close and clear manner, and also connect to a computer, camera or video recorder to capture, save and output images of the lesion. Endoscopic treatment, such as removal of foreign bodies or biopsy, can be performed at the same time if necessary to clarify the nature of the disease and to guide subsequent treatment. How is endoscopy performed? Endoscopy is mainly used to examine diseases of the nose and throat, usually using a rigid rod nasal endoscope for nasal examinations and a flexible, bendable fiberoptic or electronic endoscope for throat examinations. The nasal examination involves spraying the nose with a surface anesthetic and usually a vasoconstrictor to constrict the nasal mucosa and enlarge the size of the passages in the nasal cavity. Examination of the pharynx sometimes requires a moderate amount of surface anesthetic to be sprayed into the pharynx (due to the small diameter of the electronic laryngoscope, it is possible to operate without anesthetic if you are skilled). . After the anesthesia has taken effect, the endoscope is inserted into the nasal cavity, while in the case of the pharynx, the endoscope is inserted along the base of the nose and down through the nasopharynx to the pharynx. Is endoscopy painful? Because of the small diameter of the endoscope (2-6 mm) and the use of surface anesthetics on the mucous membrane of the nose and throat, the procedure is performed under direct vision, avoiding blindness, and patients basically do not feel pain or nausea. Therefore, patients do not need to feel nervous about this examination.