Atrial septal defects are relatively common in newborns. Atrial septal defects are one of the most common types of congenital heart disease, second only to ventricular septal defects, and are formed by residual unclosed defects in the atrial septum during embryonic development. Most of the atrial septal defects are of the single-ventricular type, while a few are of the multiple-ventricular type. Atrial septal defects account for 15% to 20% of congenital heart diseases. The clinical prognosis of simple atrial septal defects is good, and some cases close naturally after birth. Children under one year of age have a small shunt volume and are asymptomatic, so surgical treatment is generally not advocated, and the ideal age for surgery for atrial septal defects is 3-5 years of age. The ideal age for surgery for atrial septal defect is 3-3 years old. If a newborn is considered to have atrial septal defect, it is recommended to consult the doctor as soon as possible to make a clear diagnosis, and if necessary, surgery.