Terminology: 1. Spinal Cone Syndrome: Mainly a spinal sacral segment cone injury that can cause loss of bladder, bowel, and lower extremity reflexes. Occasionally, sacral segment reflexes can be preserved. 2.Operational therapy: Operational therapy is the application of various operational activities or craft processes related to daily life, work and recreation to guide the disabled or patients who have partially regained their functions to purposefully and selectively carry out treatments, so that they can further improve and regain their physical, psychological and social functions, with a focus on enhancing manual dexterity, eye-hand coordination, control of movements and work endurance. 3.Tension reflex: When the skeletal muscle is pulled by external force, the surrounding muscle shuttle will be excited into the spinal cord after being pulled, causing reflexive contraction of the pulled muscle, which is called tension reflex. 4, spinal cord injury: spinal cord injury is due to trauma, disease and congenital factors, resulting in nerve injury below the plane of sensory and motor function partial or total impairment, so that the patient loses part or all of the mobility, ability to take care of their own life and ability to work of the nerve injury, is one of the main objects of rehabilitation therapy. 5.Flexor reflex: when the skin receptors are stimulated, it can cause the contraction of joint flexor muscle and relaxation of extensor muscle, which is called flexor reflex. The function of flexor reflex is to protect the limb and avoid damage to it by injurious stimuli. 6.Rehabilitation bioengineering: it is the application of engineering in the rehabilitation medicine clinic, using engineering, material science, electronics, biomechanics and other principles and means, in the loss of function for a comprehensive assessment, through the function of compensation and alternative pathway to correct deformity, make up for the functional deficiencies and prevention of further functional degradation, so that the patient can maximize the realization of the life of self-care and return to society. 7, isotonic contraction: the acceleration movement produced when the muscle force is greater than the resistance and the deceleration movement produced when it is less than the resistance, the muscle tension is roughly constant during the movement, and the muscle fibers are shortened, which causes obvious joint movement. Isotonic contractions are divided into centripetal and centrifugal contractions. Isotonic contraction is also known as dynamic movement. 8, chemical nerve blocking technology: refers to the use of botulinum toxin (BTXA) intramuscular injection, and motor nerve end plate binding, inhibit the release of acetylcholine, in order to block the excitation transmission of the nerve-muscle junction, so as to weaken the muscle tension or spasm of the treatment method. 9.Neurolysis technique: It refers to the treatment method of injecting phenol or ethanol into the nerve trunk or muscle motor point, which leads to the degeneration of the nerve sheath or axonal cell membrane, or the coagulation and denaturation of the muscle proteins, so as to reduce the degree of activity of the local muscle a nerve. 10, motor unit: a motor neuron and its innervated muscle fibers are collectively called a motor unit. The function of the motor unit is carried out in accordance with the all-or-nothing rule. The more motor units there are in the same muscle, the greater the fineness of movement. Similarly, the smaller the number of muscle fibers innervated by a motor neuron, the higher the degree of fineness of movement. 11.Sacral Segment Preservation in Spinal Cord Injury Patients: This refers to the area of lowest preserved neurologic function in spinal cord injury, i.e., sensation or movement in the perineum. 12. Spinal cord shock: refers to temporary and reversible loss of physiologic function of the spinal cord or cauda equina, as seen in patients with only simple compression fractures, even with negative radiographs. There is no mechanical compression of the spinal cord or anatomical damage. The patient may have hyperreflexia but no muscle spasm. 13.Partial retention zone in patients with spinal cord injury: refers to patients with complete spinal cord injury, retaining part of the area of innervation below the plane of injury, usually no more than 2-3 ganglia. 14.Isovelocity contraction: joint activity in which the velocity of muscle contraction remains constant or produces uniform angular velocity. 15. Co-movement: a combination of activities that are triggered when a person with hemiplegia expects to accomplish an activity. However, they are stereotyped, and the muscles involved and the intensity of the muscle response are the same regardless of which activity is engaged in; there is no selective movement. That is to say, it is induced by the will and does not change with the will of a fixed pattern of movement, that is, flexor co-movement and extensor co-movement pattern. 16.Endoskeletal prosthesis: It means that the middle of the prosthesis is a mesh structure similar to bone, and the outside is wrapped with sponge, which is put on from the outside with skin color sockliner or artificial skin. 17.Prosthetic limb: refers to the artificial limbs manufactured and fitted to replace the limb defects and loss of function of amputees. 18, PNF technique of maximum resistance principle: for the direction, quality and quantity can cause smooth, coordinated contraction and produce appropriate diffusion and promote the function of the resistance, rather than the therapist to provide the maximum resistance. By applying appropriate resistance to the stronger muscle groups, the excitation can be diffused to the weaker muscle groups. 19. Nerve root escape: It refers to the damage to the nerve roots of a segment above the plane of spinal cord injury, which is manifested as an upward shift of the nerve plane. The nerve root function may be restored through the mechanism of peripheral nerve fiber growth, thus creating the illusion of “downward shift” of the nerve plane in patients with complete spinal cord injury, which is called nerve root escape. 20.Motor endplate: it refers to the synapse formed between the axon endings of motor neurons and the muscle junction, which is an important part of transmitting nerve excitability to the muscle. 21, cauda equina syndrome: lumbosacral nerve root injury in the vertebral canal can cause bladder, bowel and lower limb reflexes to disappear, manifesting the characteristics of peripheral nerve injury (delayed paralysis). 22.Angina pectoris: it refers to the pressure, narrowing and burning pain in the precordial area, which can be radiated to the medial part of the left upper limb, the left neck, the lower jaw, the upper abdomen and other parts of the body, and the duration of which usually lasts for a few minutes, and seldom lasts more than 25 to 30 minutes. 23.Distraction training: through the rehabilitation therapist passive tensioning of the patient’s muscles and tendons, or the patient’s own posture changes in active tension training, so that the muscles, tendons and ligaments contracture loosening, muscle tension decreased, joint mobility increased. 24, anal retraction technology: index or middle finger wearing finger cuffs, coated with lubricant, slowly inserted into the anus, the rectal wall to the anus side of the slow and continuous retraction, can effectively relieve the spasm of the internal and external anal sphincter, at the same time to expand the rectal lumen, to induce intestinal reflexes, and to promote fecal mass discharged. 25.Spinal shock: It refers to the complete loss of spinal cord function within a short period of time after the spinal cord is subjected to external force. The duration is usually from several hours to several weeks, and occasionally several months. During spinal shock all nerve reflexes are lost, but it does not mean complete damage. During this period, it is not possible to make a correct assessment of the extent of damage, and it is necessary to wait until the spinal shock is lifted before the plane and extent of nerve damage can be truly assessed. 26, isometric contraction: when the muscle contraction force is equal to the resistance, the muscle tension increases, the length remains unchanged, and does not cause joint movement. Isometric contraction is also known as static movement. 27, community rehabilitation: refers to the community level to take comprehensive rehabilitation measures, use and rely on community resources, so that people with disabilities can get timely, reasonable and adequate rehabilitation services, improve and enhance their physical and mental functions, improve the quality of life and return to normal social life. 28. Contralateral extensor reflex: When the stimulation to the skin reaches a certain level, the contralateral extensor reflex appears on the basis of flexor reflex. The contralateral extensor reflex is one of the postural reflexes, which has the function of supporting the weight when walking or running. 29. Maximum Oxygen Consumption: The energy consumed during exercise increases with the intensity of exercise. With the increase of exercise intensity, the oxygen uptake reaches the maximum and can no longer increase the value, called the maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). 30, anterior fascicular syndrome: anterior spinal cord injury, the injury plane below the loss of motor and temperature, pain sensation, and proprioception exists. 31.Orthotics: devices of metal, plastic, or elastic material to compensate for limb instability due to defective neuromuscular function or to correct somatic deformities by applying additional force. 32.Half-cut syndrome: Loss of proprioception and movement in the ipsilateral limb and loss of temperature and pain sensation in the contralateral side due to transverse injury to the spinal cord half. 33, quadriplegia: quadriplegia refers to the injury of the cervical segment of the spinal cord, resulting in damage and loss of motor and sensory functions of the limbs. Quadriplegia involves functional impairment of the upper limbs, trunk, thighs, and pelvic organs, but does not include brachial plexus lesions or injury to peripheral nerves outside the spinal canal. 34. Combined response: Combined response refers to the fact that in hemiparesis, even though the affected side is completely unable to produce random contractions, when the muscle on the non-affected side contracts with force, its excitation can spread to the affected side and cause contraction of the muscle on the affected side. This response is an abnormal reflex activity different from random movement, manifested as a loss of conscious control of muscle activity and accompanied by the appearance of spasm. 35.Self-help device: It refers to the assistive device which is designed to improve the ability of the disabled person, so that he/she can accomplish some daily life activities which cannot be accomplished originally with less effort and time, in order to increase his/her independence of life. Self-help aids are mainly related to the function of upper limbs and daily life activities. 36. Neurophysiological method of occupational therapy: applying neurophysiological and developmental theories to normalize muscle tone and induce normal movement. The aim is to improve the patient’s motor function without focusing on the influence of the patient’s motivation, initiative, attention, etc. on movement. 37. Diffusion principle of PNF: Also known as “overflow”, it is a technique to diffuse energy from the active muscles to the secondary and antagonist muscles in the movement pattern. It can be from proximal muscle group to distal muscle group, distal muscle group to proximal muscle group, upper trunk to lower trunk, and one limb to another limb. 38, feedback: is a way of interconnecting, promoting, and constraining between the higher and lower centers of the central nervous system. The loop connection between neurons is the structural basis of feedback. There are 2 kinds of feedback activities, i.e. positive feedback which strengthens the original activity and makes the original activity weaken or terminate the negative feedback, which plays a role in promoting the emergence of activity, keeping the activity moderate, and preventing the excessive activity. 39, operational prosthesis: is mainly used to compensate for the function of the limb without the appearance of the limb, mostly used to assist amputees to complete some specific work needs. 40.Sacral segment preservation: the lowest preserved area in spinal cord injury is the tissue edge of the perineum, and the sensation is innervated by the lowest sacral segment nerves. Therefore, there is no sensation in the saddle area and/or voluntary contraction of the external anal sphincter are complete spinal cord injury. 41. Closure therapy: It refers to the treatment method of injecting drugs into local tissues (muscles, tendon sheaths, joint cavities, epidural cavities, etc.) in order to improve tissue metabolism and blood circulation, inhibit the release of pain-causing substances, and relieve pain. 42. Disability: Disability refers to the abnormalities and/or loss of human anatomical structure and physiological functions due to various physical, mental, physical and spiritual diseases or injuries as well as congenital anomalies, resulting in a state of long-term, persistent or permanent dysfunctions of the organism. These dysfunctions affect, to varying degrees, physical activities, daily life, work, study and social interaction activities. 43. Central bundle syndrome: patients show that the nerve involvement and dysfunction of the upper limbs is heavier than that of the lower limbs, e.g. patients may be able to walk, but the upper limbs are partially or completely paralyzed. It is common in cervical spinal cord vascular injury. 44. Autonomic hyperreflexia: patients with spinal cord injury above the thoracic 6 plane have episodic hypertension, headache, facial flushing, etc. The common triggers are bladder filling, rectal irritation, constipation, infection, spasm, stones, instrumentation, sexual impulses and so on. 45.Rehabilitation medicine: Rehabilitation medicine is a medical application discipline with independent theoretical foundation, functional assessment methods, treatment skills and norms, aiming at accelerating the recovery process of human body after injury or illness, and preventing and/or alleviating the degree of its after-effects dysfunction. 46.Cerebral palsy: Pediatric cerebral palsy, referred to as cerebral palsy, refers to the clinical syndrome of non-progressive central movement disorders and postural abnormalities that are mainly manifested in the prenatal period, at birth, or in the first month after birth, as a result of injuries or pathologies that lead to disorders in the development of the brain. 47, posterior fascicular syndrome: injury to the posterior part of the spinal cord, loss of proprioception below the plane of injury, and the presence of movement and temperature and pain sensation. 48, exoskeletal prosthesis: also known as shell prosthesis, is made of human limb shape of the shell to bear the prosthetic external force. 49, synapse: synapse is the most basic unit in the nerve conduction system. By the presynaptic membrane, synaptic gap, postsynaptic membrane composed of a synaptic node.