First, the history of laparoscopy Laparoscopic technology is a technical revolution in the field of surgery throughout the 20th century, the original endoscopy to the true meaning of laparoscopy is Kelling, 1923, he used the Nitze cystoscope into the abdominal cavity for more detailed examination. The first application of laparoscopic techniques in urology was by Cortessi, who in 1976 performed laparoscopic exploration of an adult patient with bilateral cryptorchidism. Since then laparoscopic techniques in urology have been limited to intra-abdominal cryptorchid exploration. Since Clayman successfully performed the first laparoscopic nephrectomy in June 1990, laparoscopic technology in the field of urology has been rapid development, especially in the next five years, in the kidney, adrenal gland, prostate cancer and ureteral stone surgical treatment, more and more urologists began to use this technology, and urological laparoscopy level has become one of the important standards to measure the overall competitiveness of the hospital. The level of urological laparoscopy has become one of the most important standards of hospital competitiveness. However, because the urological organs are located in the retroperitoneum, the special anatomical location determines the high technical requirements of its surgery, surgical difficulty, and at the same time, due to the many types of urological surgery, a variety of surgical access operation specification is not the same. Highly difficult surgeries in western developed countries are also limited to a few hospitals. In recent years, due to the continuous improvement of instruments, the emergence of in vivo suture knotter and surgical robots has advanced the continuous improvement of laparoscopic technology. Some difficult organ resections such as radical nephrectomy and delicate organ function reconstruction and preservation surgeries such as Anderson-Hynes and partial nephrectomy with preservation of renal units can be accomplished laparoscopically. Laparoscopy has obvious advantages over traditional open surgery in terms of minimizing complications and speeding up the recovery of patients. Posterior Laparoscopic Surgery Posterior laparoscopic surgery started in the late 1990s, which is different from traditional laparoscopic surgery in terms of surgical access. Because the retroperitoneal space is a potential cavity, unlike the abdominal cavity is very easy to inflate and expand, easy to observe and operate. Therefore, it is necessary to artificially expand a space, and in this spatial environment, with special lengthened surgical instruments under TV surveillance to complete the same steps as open surgery to achieve the same surgical effect. Since the retroperitoneal space is an unnatural space, this type of surgery requires better anatomical knowledge and practical experience, and the operation is a completely different concept from traditional open surgery. Advantages of Laparoscopic Surgery The advantages of laparoscopic surgery are very obvious. Firstly, it is very traumatizing, only three to four small incisions are needed, and after the surgery, you can either sew or use band-aid, with very little scarring, which is very popular among young people and women who love beauty. Secondly, the surgery is a single incision entry that minimizes damage to the surrounding tissues, and very little scratching means there is little chance of adhesions occurring after the surgery. Many procedures do not use wire ligatures, but instead use electrocoagulation or titanium clips to stop bleeding. Thirdly, the wound is airtight, which does not cause a lot of water evaporation, and the internal environment is stable. Fourthly, the number of hospitalization days is less, some of them can be discharged in 2-3 days, and can be fully restored to health and put into work in 7 days, so that the burden of the patient’s cost is greatly reduced, and at the same time, the turnover rate of hospital beds is accelerated. Indications of laparoscopic surgery Posterior laparoscopy and laparoscopic urological surgery can be widely used in most of urological treatments, such as adrenal tumor resection or total adrenalectomy, renal cyst decortication and decompression, radical resection of renal carcinoma, radical surgery of pyeloid carcinoma, ureterotomy and stone removal, pyelourethroplasty, cystectomy of intestines in lieu of cystectomy, radical prostate cancer, cryptorchid testicle descent, and high level ligation of varicose vein of spermatogonia. high ligation of varicocele, etc. The Department of Urology of our hospital has successfully carried out adrenal tumor resection or total adrenalectomy, decortication and decompression of renal cyst, radical resection of renal cancer, radical surgery of renal pelvic cancer, ureterotomy and stone removal, pyelourethroplasty, and high-level ligation of varicose vein of spermatocele, etc., and achieved satisfactory curative effects.