The main effect of cephalosporins is the anti-infective treatment of diseases caused by bacterial infections. Currently, there are first to fifth generation cephalosporins on the market, and different cephalosporins can be selected for anti-infective treatment depending on the pathogenic bacteria of the patient’s infection. Usually, for Gram-positive infections, first-generation cephalosporins, including cefazolin sodium, can be considered for effective treatment. If a patient develops a Gram-negative bacterial infection, third-generation cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone and cefoperazone, may be considered for treatment. If a patient develops a serious bacterial infection or even infectious shock, high-grade cephalosporins can be used for effective treatment. At present, fifth-generation cephalosporins are available on the market, and their anti-infective effects are very significant, often including ceflorin ester and cefatroxil.