Cephalosporin antibacterial drugs are widely used clinically, and cephalosporins are mainly divided into four generations according to their stability to β-lactamase, broad antibacterial spectrum, and effects on renal function. The first generation cephalosporins, such as cefazolin sodium and cefradine are mainly used in the infection of Gram-positive bacteria, and the antibacterial activity of the first generation cephalosporins against Gram-negative bacteria is weak. The second generation cephalosporins, such as cefotiam, cefuroxime and cefamandole, have better effects on Gram-negative bacteria than the first generation cephalosporins and are more stable to β-lactamase. Third generation cephalosporins, such as ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, etc. have stronger effects on Gram-negative bacteria than the first and second generation cephalosporins, have less side effects, and are more stable to β-lactamase. The fourth-generation cephalosporins have greatly improved their effects on Gram-positive bacteria compared with the third-generation cephalosporins, and the representative drugs mainly include cefepime and so on. In addition, there are some cephalosporin compound preparations, such as cefoperazone sodium sulbactam sodium.