When a patient bends over and bears weight, suffers trauma, or suffers acute twisting of the body, it can lead to an acute increase in pressure within the disc and acute protrusion of the nucleus pulposus extruding the nerve or spinal cord, causing acute lumbar disc herniation, or an acute attack of chronic lumbar disc herniation may occur under various causative factors. After acute compression of the nerve, there can be obvious inflammatory reaction and edema, and it may lead to serious injury to the nerve and spinal cord, which in turn may result in sudden lumbar pain, lower limb pain, numbness and weakness, urinary and bowel dysfunction and sexual dysfunction. According to the location of the herniated nucleus pulposus, it can be divided into central type, paracentral type, lateral type and extreme lateral type, etc. The symptoms of acute lumbar disc herniation are usually more serious and cause more intense pain, which can cause lower limb muscle strength loss, sensory loss, walking impairment, or even inability to walk, etc. Acute lumbar disc herniation requires timely medical treatment, following medical advice can apply a variety of drug therapy, assist bed rest, rehabilitation physiotherapy and other means to relieve symptoms, conservative treatment is not effective can choose surgery. If the indications are clear, surgery should be performed in a timely manner, and in some extreme cases, emergency surgery is required, otherwise it may lead to serious functional impairment, disability and other serious consequences.