Table 1 Common hereditary renal cell carcinoma and clinical manifestations

Syndrome abbreviations

Mutation loci

Pathological type

Clinical manifestations

VHL

VHL

ccRCC

ccRCC, pheochromocytoma, pancreatic renal cyst, neurologic retinal hemangioblastoma, paraganglioma, pancreatic endocrine tumor, lymphatic sac tumor, epididymal adenoma

HPRC

MET

pRCC I

pRCC

BHD

FLCN

multiple RCCs

Suspected pheochromocytoma, mixed pheochromocytoma, fibrocystic tumor, dermatome, pulmonary cyst, pneumothorax

HLRCC

FH

pRCC Ⅱ

pRCC, cutaneous uterine smooth muscle tumor, uterine smooth muscle sarcoma

SDH RCC

SDHB, SDHD, SDHC

ccRCC, chromophobe RCC

ccRCC, suspensory cell, eosinophilic, pheochromocytoma, paraganglioma

cowden syndrome

PTEN

ccRCC

ccRCC, breast cancer, follicular thyroid cancer, endometrial cancer

MITF-associated tumors

MITF

RCC

Melanoma, PECOMA

HPT-JT

HRPT2

Nephroblastoma

Multiple RCC, nephroblastoma, hyperparathyroidism, thyroid cancer

BAP1-associated tumors

BAP1

ccRCC

ccRCC, uveal melanoma, melanoma, mesothelioma

Chromosomal translocation [t(3;8), t(2;6)]-associated tumors

FHIT/FRA3B on chr3, RNF139 on chr8

ccRCC

ccRCC, papillary thyroid carcinoma

Note: VHL, Hippel-Lindau disease; ccRCC, clear cell renal cell carcinoma; HPRC, hereditary papillary renal carcinoma; pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma; BHD, Burt-Hogg-Dubb syndrome; HLRCC, hereditary smooth muscle disease and renal cell carcinoma; HPT-JT, hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor.