Emphysema is currently irreversible, but patients can control their clinical symptoms and slow down the progression of the disease through timely and standardized treatment. Treatment of emphysema includes general treatment, medication and surgery. Emphysema is characterized by permanent enlargement of the alveoli and alveolar ducts, with symptoms such as coughing, sputum, wheezing and shortness of breath. Signs and symptoms are usually mild in mild and moderate patients, while patients with severe emphysema can experience shortness of breath during simple activities. Patients with emphysema need general treatment such as quitting smoking, keeping warm, avoiding exertion, and other symptomatic treatments. Patients with emphysema can use aminoglutethimide and bromhexine to relieve cough and resolve sputum if cough and sputum are severe; and salbutamol, tiotropium bromide and aminophylline to dilate the bronchial tubes to improve the symptoms of wheezing and shortness of breath. For a few patients with special indications, surgical treatments such as pulmonary herpetic resection, lung volume reduction surgery and lung transplantation can also be taken. If the diagnosis is emphysema, it is necessary to consult a doctor in time and standardize the treatment under the doctor’s guidance, so as not to delay the condition.