Knowledge of some chemotherapy drugs
I. Platinum oxalate (oxaliplatin, lexadine, oxoplatin, aiheng, oxytocin).
1.Adverse reactions ：
(1) neurological system: manifested as spasms and abnormal sensations in the hands and feet, around the mouth, upper respiratory tract, upper elimination tract, and even laryngospasm. The neurotoxicity of more than 3/4 of patients can be reduced or disappeared after the termination of treatment, and there are generally no sequelae.
(2) Digestive system: nausea and vomiting, diarrhea.
(3) Hematopoietic system: anemia, leukocyte, granulocyte, platelet reduction.
2. Precautions.
(1) Keep warm during drug administration, do not blow cold wind, do not eat cold food (not lower than room temperature), do not wash hands with cold water, do not touch metal objects, it is recommended to wear gloves, and wear a mask when going out in winter.
(2) The drip rate of oxaliplatin should be adjusted by the nurse, remember not to increase or decrease the drip rate by yourself.
(2) Doxorubicin hydrochloride liposome (Kai Lai).
1.Adverse reactions
(1) Hypersensitivity reactions such as flushing, shortness of breath, facial edema, headache, chills, back pain, narrowing sensation in the chest and throat, hypotension, etc. may occur in response to drip injection, and stomatitis may be seen in continuous drip injection.
(2) In most cases, adverse reactions occur in the first course of treatment. These symptoms can be eliminated after a few hours by suspending or slowing down the drip rate using some kind of symptomatic treatment. If a rash appears, the drug should be discontinued immediately.
(3) For 6 weeks or more of treatment, erythematous dullness of sensation on the palms of the hands – soles of the feet occurs; this reaction is a painful red spotting syndrome.
2. Precautions: Because the drug has myocardial damage, ECG monitoring should be performed frequently.
III. Irinotecan (Ally, Kepitol).
1, adverse reactions.
(1) Common: excessive sweating, tearfulness, increased salivation, blurred vision, spasmodic pain, mild symptoms may resolve on their own.
(2) Diarrhea: diarrhea within 24h after administration and delayed diarrhea occurs after 24 hours of administration. (2) Diarrhea: diarrhea occurring within 24h of drug administration and late diarrhea after 24 hours of drug administration.
2. Precautions for medication
(1) If diarrhea occurs within 24 hours of treatment with irinotecan, you should go to the hospital.
(2) If you develop loose stools after 24 hours or before your next chemotherapy treatment, you are at risk of developing delayed diarrhea.
(3) Once you have your first loose stool, start drinking plenty of electrolyte-containing beverages and begin anti-diarrheal treatment immediately as prescribed by your doctor.
(4) You should seek medical attention if you have the following symptoms: diarrhea accompanied by fever or vomiting; severe diarrhea with symptoms of dehydration, such as dizziness, lightheadedness or fainting; dark or bloody stools.
IV. Paclitaxel (Tysol, Tesol, Osol).
1. Adverse reactions : (1) Allergic reactions
(1) Allergic reactions: manifested as bronchospastic dyspnea, urticaria and hypotension, occurring within the first 10 minutes after drug administration.
(2) Myelosuppression: manifested as neutropenia and reduced platelets.
(3) Neurotoxicity: manifested as mild numbness and abnormal sensation.
2. Precautions
(1) The drug should be taken correctly before chemotherapy according to medical advice.
(2) When infusing paclitaxel, drip slowly first, about 20 drops/minute, after about 30 minutes without discomfort, the nurse will adjust the speed appropriately, generally 500 ml of liquid is more than 3 hours to finish drip.
(3) Call the nurse immediately if there is any discomfort during the medication.
V. Doxorubicin (Tasuti, Aisu, Docetaxel).
1. Adverse reactions: hypersensitivity reactions, characterized by hypotension and bronchospasm. Intravenous infusion should be slow and then fast.
2. precautions: dexamethasone is required as prescribed the day before and on the day and day after treatment; to alleviate water and sodium retention and allergic reactions.
3. The drug is a strong irritant and is recommended to be infused through a central venous catheter (PICC or infusion port).
VI. Pemetrexed disodium (Lipitor ).
1, can only be used for intravenous infusion.
2, vitamin supplementation: in order to reduce toxic reactions. Treatment with this drug must be accompanied by low-dose folic acid or other multivitamin preparations containing folic acid.
3. It is also necessary to administer vitamin B12 intramuscularly once within 7 days prior to the first dose, and every 3 cycles thereafter. Subsequent vitamin B12 administration may be administered on the same day as this drug.
Treatment of gastrointestinal reactions during chemotherapy
Treatment of gastrointestinal reactions during chemotherapy – Gastrointestinal reactions can be mild or severe during chemotherapy, how to deal with this situation?
Diarrhea.
Chemotherapy drugs cause intestinal dysfunction, resulting in diarrhea. When diarrhea occurs, patients should pay attention to the following points.
1. drink more water, preferably juice drinks, to replenish the lost potassium in the body and reduce the feeling of weakness.
2.Eat a non-stimulating, less fibrous diet with small and frequent meals to facilitate the recovery of intestinal functions; pay attention to dietary hygiene to prevent gastrointestinal infections;
3. Avoid consuming excessive fat and high sugar foods. Do not consume milk and dairy products to prevent abdominal distension.
4, pay attention to the number and color of stools, if found different from the past, keep specimens and promptly notify the doctor;
5, keep the perianal skin clean, wash with non-irritating soap and warm water after stool; the number of stools is significantly increased, mostly thin and sticky stools. Gently dip dry, if necessary, local rubbing of ophthalmic ointment of gentamycin.
Constipation.
Chemotherapy drugs inhibit intestinal peristalsis, which causes abnormal bowel movements, as long as patients pay attention to the following points, should be able to solve the problem of defecation.
1, in the case of physical strength allows, do appropriate activities, develop the habit of defecation on time, regular toileting;
2.Wake up as much as possible, do daily activities as much as you can, massage the abdomen more often to promote intestinal peristalsis; take honey water orally before bedtime and massage the abdomen gently; drink a glass of warm water in the morning;
3.Drink more water and juice drinks during the day, and eat more fruits and vegetables.
4, observe the situation of defecation, if the above methods can not relieve constipation, no defecation for 3 days, please inform the doctor, choose some drugs to promote intestinal peristalsis to stimulate defecation.
Nausea and vomiting.
1. Avoid eating for half an hour before receiving treatment.
2.Eat a light, warm, cool and tasty diet with small and frequent meals to avoid chemotherapy on an empty stomach; avoid eating cold and hot foods at the same time.
3.Sit up or lie on your side when vomiting to prevent accidental aspiration. Observe the color, quality, quantity and odor of vomit and record them, notify the doctor if there is any abnormality. After vomiting, rinse your mouth in time;
4, breakfast can be eaten earlier, a small amount of lunch, dinner later, the middle time to reduce nausea and vomiting. Try to eat some dry food, separate from soup and drinks to reduce the smell. Recommend appropriate walks before and after meals.
5, keep the environment quiet, take a comfortable position to rest, and keep the room air circulation.
Loss of appetite.
1.Drink a glass of warm water in the morning to promote intestinal peristalsis.
2, moderate activity before meals, keep the environment clean and comfortable without odor, and let yourself have a good mood.
3, chemotherapy mainly reduces the sweet and acid sensitivity and increases the bitter sensitivity, so you can eat a small amount of appetizing food containing sugar and acid, avoid coffee and strong tea and foods with strong bitter taste.
4, eat high-calorie, high-protein delicious meals, a small number of meals. Do not let the stomach feel bloated and full and hungry.
5.Change the cooking methods and types of dishes frequently, and let the family pay attention to the color, aroma and taste to stimulate the patient’s appetite, and match meat and vegetables with balanced nutrition.
6, can eat some food to strengthen the spleen and stomach such as hawthorn, radish, dates, etc.