Tubular atrophic lesion, or focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), is a common primary glomerular disease in children and adults with nephrotic syndrome (NS). It is characterized histopathologically by segmental glomerular scarring with or without intra-glomerular capillary foam cell formation and adhesions. Focal means that only part of the glomerulus is involved (50% of the glomerulus is involved); segmental means that part of the glomerular lobules are involved; and glomerulosclerosis means staged glassy changes or scarring of the entire glomerulus. Pathological features are mostly associated with tubular atrophy lesions and interstitial fibrosis of the kidney. Prevention of tubular atrophy lesions: 1. Pay attention to rest, avoid strain, prevent infection, diet with low protein, pay attention to vitamin supplementation. Avoid the application of drugs that damage the kidney. 2, during drug treatment, every 1 to 2 weeks outpatient follow-up, observation of urinary routine, liver and kidney function, pediatric patients should pay attention to growth and development to guide the completion of the treatment course. 3.After the active lesion is controlled and the course of treatment is completed, renal biopsy should be repeated to observe the histopathological changes of the kidney and to determine whether there is a tendency of chronicity so that timely measures can be taken. 4.Pay attention to the protection of residual renal function, correction of various factors that reduce renal blood flow (such as hypoproteinemia, dehydration, hypotension, etc.) and prevention of infection are important aspects of prevention that should not be neglected. For complications that affect the patient’s outcome and long-term prognosis, treatment should be actively given.