Early detection of hearing impairment plays a pivotal role in the prevention of deafness and language disorders. At present, there are 20.57 million disabled people with hearing and speech impairment in China, including 800,000 deaf children under the age of 7. Hearing impairment seriously affects the life, learning and social interaction of this group. More than 30,000 deaf children are born every year due to drugs, genetics, infections, diseases, environmental noise pollution and accidents. The significance of newborn hearing screening is early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention of hearing impairment. So that language development is not or less impaired; so that children with hearing impairment can get the maximum development in all aspects. Children are in the growth and development period, especially the infant stage, is a critical period for learning language, during this period children with hearing impairment, will not only lead to deafness and delayed speech development, but also cause delayed development of children’s emotional, psychological and social interaction and other abilities, causing a heavy burden to families and society. Clinical practice has shown that hearing impairment is often identified through routine physical examination or parental observation only when the child is about 2 years old, thus missing the period of rapid language development and delaying the best time for speech and language rehabilitation. Newborn hearing screening can detect hearing impairment at an early stage, and it is an effective means to do early detection and early diagnosis of children with hearing disability, which is crucial to carry out early intervention and improve rehabilitation effect in a timely manner.