The significance of newborn hearing screening is the early detection of hearing impairment. 2006 National Sample Survey of Disabled Persons shows that there are 82.96 million disabled persons in China’s 1.3 billion population, with 27.8 million hearing impairment. Children are in the growth and development period, especially the infant and toddler stage, which is a critical period for learning language. If children develop hearing impairment during this period, it will not only lead to deafness and delayed speech development, but also cause delayed development of children’s emotional, psychological and social interaction abilities, which will cause heavy burden to families and society. It is clinically found that through routine physical examination or parental observation, pediatric hearing impairment is mostly detected after 2 years of age, missing the period of rapid language development in children and delaying the best time for rehabilitation. Through newborn hearing screening, hearing impairment can be detected early and scientific hearing intervention and speech training can be given early to eventually make them deaf but not dumb and return to mainstream society, so as to achieve the goal of reducing the occurrence of hearing and speech disabilities in children and improving their health level. Newborn hearing screening is an important event for the benefit of deaf children and society.