Newborn hearing screening is the first hearing test to be completed within three days after birth, as required by state law, to have determined whether the baby has a hearing impairment. This is an important initiative for early intervention and prevention of disability due to deafness. However, simple newborn hearing screening can miss some late-onset cases and drug-sensitive gene carriers. Combined newborn hearing and genetic screening can compensate for the inability of simple newborn hearing screening to detect late-onset deafness and drug-sensitive deafness, and has become the most effective technical system for early diagnosis and prevention and control of deafness in newborns. Newborn hearing screening can be divided into three steps: initial screening, re-screening and follow-up. Initial screening means that for newborns with normal birth, hearing screening is performed by professionals at the bedside 48-72 hours after birth using a screening device; re-screening means that all babies who do not pass the initial screening and have risk factors for hearing impairment should be re-screened 42 days after birth; follow-up means that for babies and children who do not pass the re-screening or who pass the re-screening but whose parents find abnormalities in hearing or speech, they should be The follow-up visit means that if the infant does not pass the re-screening or passes the re-screening but the parents find hearing or speech abnormalities, the infant should receive an audiological evaluation at a professional hearing diagnostic center 3 months after birth. Genetic screening is performed at birth or within 3 days of birth by collecting umbilical cord blood or heel blood to screen for susceptibility and common genes for deafness. The results of the hearing screening are usually expressed as “pass” or “fail”, with “pass” meaning that the baby’s cochlea is functioning normally, but “fail A “pass” means that the baby’s cochlea is functioning normally, but a “fail” does not necessarily mean that the baby has a hearing impairment, because factors in the outer and middle ear, such as excess amniotic fluid, fetal fat and blood residue in the outer ear canal, can affect the screening result and lead to a “fail”. However, the “failed” result must be taken seriously by parents and rescreening should be conducted in a timely manner. If the screening is not passed, it means that the baby has a hearing problem, but the baby will still hear the sound, but the size of the sound is different. Most hearing impairment in infants is due to middle ear conduction factors, and their hearing impairment is mostly mild to moderate and reversible. However, for those with neurological or mixed hearing loss, hearing impairment does not mean that the baby cannot hear sounds at all, but rather cannot hear certain frequencies or sounds of relatively low intensity. There may be more than 400 genes presumed to be associated with deafness, but there are three common susceptibility genes: including the mitochondrial 12SrRNA1555A>G and 1494C>T mutations, the SLC26A4 gene mutation, and the GJB2 gene mutation. Simple hearing screening of newborns can no longer be adapted to current needs, because not all hearing impairments manifest immediately after birth, and simple hearing screening of newborns alone can miss delayed deafness, drug-susceptible deafness and some children with congenital deafness. In some cases, even if the occurrence of deafness cannot be prevented, close observation and early intervention in these progressively deaf children can significantly improve the speech development of the child. Therefore, the combination of genetic screening with hearing screening for newborns is of great significance for early detection, early intervention, and early treatment of deaf children.