Isolated kidney or bilateral ureteral stone obstruction and reflex anuria of the opposite kidney due to obstruction on one side (less than 100 ml of urine per day is called anuria, and less than 400 ml of urine per day is called oliguria), i.e. stone urinary shutdown. In this case, the kidneys hardly produce urine and are accompanied by acute renal failure, uremia and disturbance of water-electrolyte balance. Obstruction in any part of the urinary tract can lead to hydronephrosis and impaired renal function, and the obstruction is easily complicated by infection, which in turn accelerates the development of the disease. Obstruction caused by bilateral upper urinary tract (kidney or ureter) or unilateral stone in the solitary kidney leads to increased pressure in the renal pelvis, interstitium and collecting duct. In the early stage of acute urinary tract obstruction, the kidney is enlarged due to edema, the obstruction persists, the renal papillae are deformed, and the renal cortex and medullary tissue become thin. Renal cortical thickness is a predictor of residual renal function in patients with chronic hydronephrosis, although only patients with chronic urinary tract obstruction show the aforementioned cortical thinning. After 24 hours of calculous urinary closure, the pressure in the ureter continues to rise, up to 7.9 kPa or more. The glomerular filtration rate decreases significantly, and continued pressure rise may terminate filtration. As the metabolites cannot be excreted from the body, the symptoms of renal failure appear earlier clinically. The obstruction itself may be asymptomatic, but some patients may feel swelling and pain in the lower back or obvious back pain. In case of co-infection, there may be symptoms of urinary tract infection. Physical examination: there may be no abnormal findings, sometimes the enlarged kidney can be palpated, and the pressure pain and percussion pain may or may not be present. Some patients have hypertension if the stone urinary closure is slowly formed. Examination: Ultrasound and X-ray plain film are the first examination methods. When the diagnosis is not clear before treatment, CT plain examination is also required. Laboratory tests: Increased urinary red blood cells and mild proteinuria are seen in some patients. Those with concurrent urinary tract infections have corresponding abnormal results of laboratory volume tests and elevated blood creatinine and urea nitrogen when renal failure occurs. Treatment: Emergency treatment is aimed at reducing or relieving obstruction and symptoms, preventing and controlling infection, and restoring and preserving renal function. After 4-6 weeks of obstruction, recovery of renal damage is still possible. There are individual differences in the recovery of renal function, and complete obstruction with infection can completely destroy the kidney within a few days, so urgent measures should be taken to release the obstruction early. Retrograde ureteral cannulation or percutaneous nephrostomy should be tried to restore and preserve renal function as much as possible. Timely application of non-nephrotoxic antibiotics, monitoring of intake and output and daily water and electrolyte requirements. If dialysis is indicated for renal failure, dialysis should be performed in a timely manner to remove permeable toxic substances and water accumulated in the body and to correct acidosis and electrolyte disorders. In acute renal failure, the incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding is about 10% or more and should be actively prevented.