Pleural effusion (commonly known as “pleural fluid”) and pericardial effusion are very common, often caused by malignant tumors, inflammation, tuberculosis or surgery, but also due to liver cirrhosis, heart failure, uremia, hypoproteinemia, etc. When the amount of effusion is large, the patient may have respiratory distress, inability to lie down, chest pain and other symptoms, which can lead to death in serious cases. Therefore, if active medication such as diuretic and anti-inflammatory treatment cannot relieve the patient, timely puncture and drainage treatment is necessary. On the one hand, the patient’s clinical symptoms can be quickly relieved by drainage, and on the other hand, various laboratory analyses can be performed on the drained fluid to clarify the nature of the effusion, help determine the cause of the effusion, and then take targeted treatment. Percutaneous percutaneous drainage of pleural or pericardial effusion is usually performed under ultrasound or CT positioning, and a thin drainage tube is placed to drain and inject drugs into the chest or pericardium, which is an interventional technique that integrates diagnosis and treatment. This operation is relatively simple and safe and can be performed on an outpatient or emergency basis. The common complications are similar to those of percutaneous puncture biopsy.