Most parapharyngeal space infections are caused by bacterial infections, and common bacteria include Staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococcus, and pneumococcus. Parapharyngeal space infection is usually an acute purulent inflammation of the parapharyngeal space, and as the disease progresses, an abscess of the parapharyngeal space may eventually form. Its main manifestations are redness and swelling of the lateral pharyngeal wall and enlargement of the palatine tonsils. Infection of the parapharyngeal space is mostly due to the spread of purulent inflammation in neighboring organs or tissues, such as acute tonsillitis, peritonsillar abscess and alveolar abscess, etc.; in case of medical injury or trauma, it may also cause infection of the parapharyngeal space; infection of neighboring organs or tissues may accumulate in the parapharyngeal space via bloodstream and lymph. Therefore, if there is parapharyngeal space infection and other related inflammation, it is recommended to consult a doctor in time for early systemic treatment with broad-spectrum and adequate amount of sensitive antibiotics.