From the aesthetic point of view, female breasts should be moderately sized and proportionate, with high and elastic hemispheres, accompanied by a healthy body and a sound mental outlook, only then can the charm of female breasts be reflected. What kind of breast is the ideal breast? For whether a woman’s breasts are well developed, we generally focus on the following factors: shape; size; degree of firmness; location height; size of the nipples and areola area, and their color, etc. Our aesthetics and beauty experts believe that the beauty standards of young Chinese women’s breasts mainly include the beauty of the parts of the breast and the beauty of the form of the breast in two aspects.
I. Signs of breast beauty
Adult women who have not given birth have hemispherical breasts, which are tense and elastic. During late pregnancy and lactation, the breasts increase significantly because of breast enlargement. When breastfeeding stops, the mammary glands shrink and the breasts become smaller. In older women, the breasts are saggy and droopy because of the decrease in elastic fibers. The breast is an important sign of female sexual maturity and is one of the most important sexually sensitive areas for women, as well as an organ that secretes milk and nurtures offspring.
According to the length of the breast protrusion, the breast shape can be divided into four types: disc type, hemisphere type, cone type and sagging type.
Disc type: The length of the anterior projection of the breast is smaller than the radius around the base of the breast. The breasts are slightly elevated, and their shape is like a flip-flopped disk (breast protrusion is about 2 to 3 cm), with a circumference difference of about 12 cm, which does not look plump and is not enough for the ideal breast beauty standard. Women disc-shaped breasts account for about fifteen percent, mostly in view of the early development of young women.
Hemispherical: This is a more common shape among Chinese women, the length of this shape of the breast protrusion is equal to the radius around the base of the breast (breast protrusion of about 4 to 6 cm), the circumference of the chest ring difference of about 14 cm, is more beautiful breasts. Its shape is like a hemisphere, the breast is round, full, is the most beautiful female breast. About fifty percent of young women have hemispherical breasts.
Cone-shaped: the length of the anterior projection of the breast is greater than the radius around the base of the breast (the anterior projection of the breast is about 6-7 cm), and the circumference of the chest is about 16 cm. The angle between the breast and the chest wall is less than 90o, with the breast peak protruding forward and slightly upturned, showing its richness no matter what kind of clothing is worn.
Sagging type: The length of the breast protrusion is greater and the shape is sagging.
From the medical aesthetic and cosmetic point of view, the first three kinds of breasts are normal and aesthetic; especially the hemispherical breast circumference radius high and equal, like a plump hemisphere, is the most beautiful breast form.
Second, the structure of the breast
1, the internal structure of the breast
The breast is mainly composed of glands, ducts, fatty tissue and fibrous tissue.
The breast gland is composed of 15-20 glandular lobes, each glandular lobe is divided into several glandular lobules, and each glandular lobe is composed of 10-100 glandular vesicles. Each glandular lobe is divided into several lobules, and each lobule is composed of 10 to 100 vesicles. The vesicles are arranged closely around the small milk ducts, and their openings are connected to them. Many small milk ducts come together to form interlobular milk ducts, and several interlobular milk ducts come together to form a whole lobe of milk ducts, also known as milk ducts. There are 15 to 20 ducts, which are arranged in a radial pattern centered on the nipple and converge on the areola, with the opening at the nipple, called the foramen ovale. The milk ducts are narrower at the nipple and expand into a pot belly, called the sinus of the milk duct, which can store milk. The opening of the ducts is lined with squamous epithelial cells and the narrowing is lined with migrating epithelium. The adipose tissue in the breast is encapsulated in a capsule around the breast, forming a hemispherical whole, which is called the fat capsule. The thickness of the fat capsule can vary greatly from individual to individual depending on age, childbirth and other reasons. The amount of fatty tissue is one of the important factors in determining the size of the breast.
2.The external structure of the breast
The nipple is composed of dense connective tissue and smooth muscle. The smooth muscle is arranged in a circular or radial pattern, and when there is mechanical stimulation, the smooth muscle contracts to make the nipple erect and squeeze the ducts and sinuses to discharge their contents. The skin of the areola has hairs and glands. The glands are sweat glands, sebaceous glands and mammary glands. The sebaceous glands, also known as areolar glands, are large and superficial and secrete secretions that protect the skin, lubricate the nipple and the baby’s lips.
The mammary glands are located between the superficial and deep layers of the superficial subcutaneous fascia. The superficial fascia extends into the breast tissue to form lobular septa, one end of which is attached to the pectoralis fascia. The other end is attached to the skin and holds the mammary glands in the subcutaneous tissue of the breast. These fibrous connective tissues, which support and hold the breast in place, are called the suspensory ligaments of the breast. The deep superficial fascia is located on the deep side of the breast and is connected to the superficial pectoralis major fascia by loose tissue, which allows the breast to be both relatively fixed and somewhat mobile on the chest wall. Sometimes, some of the breast glands can penetrate through the loose tissue to the superficial layer of the pectoralis major muscle, therefore, the pectoralis major muscle fascia and muscle should be removed together with the radical surgery for breast cancer.
3.The location of the breast
The breast is moderately positioned between the second and sixth ribs, with the inner boundary being the parasternal line and the outer boundary being the anterior axillary line. The breasts in this position are just right, dignified and elegant, gentle and lovely;
Third, the hidden danger of causing breast disease
The breasts should be plump and proud, more healthy, but there are many “inadvertent” in life to harm the female breast.
(a) mood, usually irritable or depressed can cause breast enlargement or breast fibroids, etc.;
(B) diet, excessive eating some spicy stimulation, high-calorie ice cream, chocolate, etc. may cause fatty tumors and other breast diseases;
(C) excessive corseted underwear, is simply in their own breast torture, and strangulation and squeezing, over time will cause poor blood flow and compression pain in the breast;
(iv) excessive smoking and alcohol, some data prove that women with a smoking history of more than 10 years are more than three times more likely to develop breast cancer than other women; those who drink one or more glasses of alcohol daily have a higher risk of breast cancer than those who rarely drink alcohol by more than 45%.
(V) Hormones, the active estrogen is closely related to breast fibroids, so this disease occurs in young women aged 20-25, mostly unilateral and single, slow growing, often unintentionally found in the breast with spherical lumps.
4. Self-examination of breast
Start from a sitting position. Any nipple inversion, skin depression and structural shape abnormality are clues of cancer deep in the breast. These signs will appear if the patient claps her hands over her head to contract the pectoral muscles. When the woman is in the sitting position, it is easier to examine the supraclavicular, infraclavicular, and axillary lymph nodes, and finally to perform palpation while sitting, using joined fingers to touch the area under the nipple.
In the supine position, a pillow is placed under the ipsilateral breast and the ipsilateral hand is raised above the head so that the breast is evenly spread on the chest wall, making it easy for the fingers to reach the deeper part of the breast cancer. Palpation should be performed in a circular fashion, turning laterally from the nipple outward, and it is especially important to examine the breast that extends into the armpit.
Breast examination should first observe the development of the breast, whether both breasts are symmetrical, whether the size is similar, whether both nipples are at the same level, whether there is retraction of the nipple depression; whether there is erosion of the nipple and areola, what is the color of the breast skin, whether there is edema and orange peel-like changes, whether there is redness and swelling and other inflammatory manifestations, whether there is anger in the superficial veins in the breast area, etc.
The best time for examination: For women with normal menstruation, the 9th to 11th day after menstruation is the best time for breast examination, when estrogen has the least effect on the breast and the breast is in a relatively quiescent state, making it easy to detect lesions. Older women after menopause have less estrogen in their bodies and are less affected by endocrine hormones, so they can choose the time to visit the doctor at will.
If breast lesions are detected during self-examination or screening, you should seek medical consultation as early as possible and follow the doctor’s instructions.
V. Breast health care
Breast health care should start from daily life, how to strengthen breast health care in life? According to the different physiological periods of women to carry out health education we can start from the following points.
(1) Adolescence. To strengthen physical exercise, especially pay attention to the various postures of standing, standing, walking, walking and lying, to develop good habits, to enhance nutrition, to adhere to the daily morning and evening self-breast massage, to wear a scientific bra
Don’t wear bras.
(2) Menstrual period. Should maintain a relaxed and happy mood, regular life, moderate labor, do not panic, depression, not to take drugs and lead to normal endocrine dysfunction.
(3) Pregnancy. Should pay attention to the cleanliness and hygiene of the breasts, after 2 to 3 months of pregnancy, especially about 2 months before delivery, should insist on doing nipple and breast health care daily, using white wine or 70
The breast should be scrubbed with white wine or 70% alcohol and massaged to enhance the breast’s resistance to disease and postpartum lactation function.
(4) Breastfeeding period. Before and after each feeding, gently wash the nipples and areolas with warm water to keep them clean. Pay attention to the baby’s oral hygiene to avoid mastitis. Maintain the correct breastfeeding posture
If you are breastfeeding, alternate nipples and let the baby suck the milk as much as possible at each feeding. If there is any abnormality in the breast milk or nodules or lumps in a part of the breast during breastfeeding, go to the hospital in time.
(5) Menopause. Menopause is an eventful time for breast cancer and is a high incidence period for breast cancer.
The most important thing is that you should go to the hospital for a progressive breast examination in time to achieve early diagnosis and early treatment of breast cancer.
Sixth, the cosmetic surgery of small breasts
The full and firm breast is a very important element of female beauty, the breast is too small or not firm become many women’s regret. Breast augmentation is the main method to solve this regret. There are two types of breast augmentation: artificial breast implants and autologous breast implants. From the point of view of the current procedure, artificial breast implants are absolutely dominant.
Autologous tissue transplantation for breast augmentation mainly involves the application of free dermal fat and some rotary flaps, such as the upper abdominal rotary flap, etc. However, due to the limitation of the amount of tissue in the donor area, and the complexity and trauma of the operation, as well as the liquefaction and absorption and partial fibrosis of the implanted fat, it has been less used. At present, the well-developed various myocutaneous flap grafts are applied in breast reconstruction, which is a good choice for breast augmentation after certain mastectomies.
The main breast augmentation commonly used today is the silicone-encapsulated breast implant augmentation. The types of silicone capsule breast implants are: single capsule silicone capsule implants, filled silicone capsule implants, multi-capsule cavity silicone capsule implants, hairy surface silicone capsule implants, etc. The main surgical incisions commonly used are: axillary incision, areolar margin incision, and inframammary fold incision. The choice should be based on the individual differences of different patients.
VII. Health education for different ages and different breast diseases
The incidence of mammary gland hyperplasia in adult women can be as high as 30% to 60%, of which about 10% require drug treatment. The peak incidence of mammary gland hyperplasia decreases significantly after the age of 20-49. The peak incidence of mammary fibroids is before the age of 30. Mastitis mostly occurs during lactation, mostly in women of childbearing age 20-30 years. The peak incidence of intraductal papilloma is between 30 and 49 years of age and is most often detected as non-lactating nipple discharge. The incidence of breast cancer increases from the age of 30 years, with a peak at the age of 40-49 years. Targeted health education is carried out according to the various breast diseases mentioned above to improve the effectiveness of education. In particular, prevention and control of breast cancer should be carried out with regular education and promotion for high-risk groups.
Women’s breast health education and health promotion is a systematic project that requires the attention of the whole society and the strong support of the government to create an atmosphere of concern for the physical health of the majority of women comrades; it requires the conscious participation of our medical staff of women and the majority of women to continuously improve self-protection awareness. To do scientific exercise, regular life, reasonable diet, joyful upbeat, healthy and natural body, to achieve the purpose of health.