China is an area with a high prevalence of hepatitis B infection, with about 170 million people (one tenth of the country’s population) being hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) carriers, and about 30 million hepatitis B patients, more than 60% of whom are chronic hepatitis B patients. Liver cancer and hepatitis B are closely related, and liver cancer is the legendary “king of cancers”, with poor treatment results, leading many HBsAg-positive virus carriers to worry about going through the “hepatitis B DD liver cirrhosis DD liver cancer”. “In addition, people infected with the hepatitis B virus can appear asymptomatic, acute, chronic hepatitis and other states, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is more complex, coupled with the current false information of some bad media, resulting in the masses do not know “where to go “The public does not know how to choose the most favorable prevention and treatment methods. A recent large epidemiological survey shows that the average time from the occurrence of hepatitis to the diagnosis of liver cancer is 14.5 years, with a median time of 13 years, of which 97.44% is more than 5 years; the average time from the occurrence of cirrhosis to the diagnosis of liver cancer is 6.38 years, with a median time of 5.5 years. This result provides valuable reference data for clinicians to diagnose and treat hepatocellular carcinoma in late stages of hepatitis. The sources of liver cancer patients in China can be as follows: 1. “HBsAg positive DD liver cancer”; 2. “Hepatitis B DD cirrhosis DD liver cancer” or “Hepatitis B DD liver cancer “; 3. Liver cancer unrelated to hepatitis B. Here are several aspects of how to cut off the “pathway” from hepatitis B to liver cancer. Prevention is better than cure”, avoiding hepatitis B infection is the best way to cut off the pathway of “hepatitis B DD liver cancer”. Due to the wide range of education, everyone is familiar with this information. The transmission of hepatitis B virus is divided into two types: “horizontal” and “vertical”, i.e. infection from the infectious group and mother-to-child transmission. The main sources of hepatitis B infection are acute patients and HBsAg carriers. In acute patients, the infectious period begins several weeks before the onset of the disease and continues throughout the acute period in HBeAg-negative HBsAg carriers. If the test for hepatitis B virus deoxyribonucleic acid (HBV-DNA) is still positive, it means that viraemia exists and is still infectious. When in contact with these people, care should be taken to prevent transmission of body fluids. The usual handshakes and conversations are not contagious, but if there are ulcers in the mouth, kissing and other methods may still transmit the hepatitis B virus. If one spouse has hepatitis B, the other spouse needs to be vaccinated against hepatitis B to gain immunity. To prevent mother-to-child transmission, women should be tested for HBV-DNA before pregnancy, and it is best to consider pregnancy when the DNA is negative. children of HBV-DNA-positive mothers should be given hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth, the sooner the better, and then 1 dose of hepatitis B vaccine at 1 month, 2 months and 3 months of age, the success rate is about 95%. The success rate is about 95% and should be checked in time to see if antibodies are produced; children of DNA-negative mothers can be given only the hepatitis B vaccine and, for insurance purposes, immunoglobulin. I often receive inquiries such as “Can HBsAg positive women get pregnant?”, so if you know this, you can rest assured that you will have a lovely baby. For the general population, the hepatitis B vaccination is important for the successful prevention of hepatitis B. The hepatitis B vaccine has no adverse reactions when injected into the human body and produces specific immunity in 95% of cases. The vaccination program for children in China is the “0-1-6-4 program”, i.e. 10 micrograms at birth (within 2h), 5 micrograms each at 1 month and 6 months after birth, and a booster injection at 4 weeks of age. After 5 years of vaccination, 60% of people have preserved antibodies, so it is clear that hepatitis B vaccination does not provide lifelong immunity. A booster is generally recommended after 3 years of immunization. Some people who do not produce antibodies or produce antibodies late after vaccination can receive 1 or 2 additional doses, or be revaccinated and have the dose increased appropriately. People with HBsAg positive DD liver cancer are called hepatitis B surface antigen positive carriers when they are positive for HBsAg in the “hepatitis B two-to-one” test. Regardless of whether the patient is a “major triplet” or “minor triplet”, if the liver function is normal and there are no obvious symptoms, they are called hepatitis B virus carriers and cannot be diagnosed as hepatitis B patients. However, a small percentage of patients with “small triple-positive” are still positive for hepatitis B virus DNA, suggesting that virus replication is still active and may be the result of mutation of the hepatitis B virus, and the patient’s condition may be heavier and develop faster, which should be noted. Therefore, for people who are HBsAg-positive, they can be tested for HBV-DNA and treated under the guidance of their doctor. A five-year observation of thousands of hepatitis B surface antigen-positive patients showed that the incidence of liver cancer was 8 per 1,000 . It can be seen that patients who directly progress to liver cancer from HBsAg positivity are rare. For HBsAg-positive patients, the key is to prevent the occurrence of hepatitis, i.e. to prevent abnormal liver function. The author once contacted such a case: a friend of a friend is a 20-year-old woman, a young age to do a large business, brisk personality, a very large amount of alcohol, and finally once diagnosed with “severe hepatitis” hospitalized, almost need “artificial liver “to maintain life. Abnormal liver function means that there is damage to the liver and hepatocytes proliferate when repairing the liver. Repeated damage allows the hepatocytes in the repair process to transform malignantly and evolve into liver cancer. This group of people needs to pay attention to ensure a healthy lifestyle and regular review. The most important thing to ensure a healthy lifestyle is to get enough rest and not to exert oneself; never to drink alcohol. If conditions permit, HBV-DNA test can be added. For high-risk groups over 40 years old with alcohol consumption, smoking and family history, AFP test (AFP is a specific tumor marker for liver cancer) should be added. Patients with hepatitis and cirrhosis Hepatitis caused by infection with hepatitis B virus can be divided into many types. Generally speaking, the liver damage caused by acute common jaundice hepatitis, chronic migratory hepatitis, and mild chronic active hepatitis is relatively mild and usually does not cause cirrhosis. Only a few recurrent episodes of chronic hepatitis develop into cirrhosis under specific circumstances, mainly chronic active hepatitis, chronic severe hepatitis or subacute severe hepatitis. Treatment options for chronic hepatitis B are complex and need to be under the guidance of a physician. It is important to point out that the slogan “a few courses of medication can turn negative” as boasted by newspapers or some radio and television stations is not true. The drugs used to treat chronic hepatitis B, whether interferon or lamivudine, have strict indications, and not all people infected with the hepatitis B virus can be applied. The common indications for these two drugs are chronic hepatitis B patients with elevated transaminases up to 2 to 10 times the upper limit of normal values and a significant inflammatory response in the liver. At this time, the patient is in the “immune clearance phase”, that is, the body’s immune function is activated to launch a siege and clearance of the hepatitis B virus, the application of antiviral drugs at this time to help a significant effect. In the “immune tolerance period”, the transaminases are normal or a little above normal, the liver inflammation is light or absent, such as hepatitis B virus carriers, the body’s immune function is “oblivious” to the hepatitis B virus, at this time the application of any antiviral drugs is also futile, for this, interferon, lamivudine The effect of lamivudine is extremely limited. The chance of liver cirrhosis turning into liver cancer is about 10%. If the disease progresses to the stage of cirrhosis, it is necessary to pay more attention to the lifestyle, absolutely not to drink alcohol, because alcohol can promote cirrhosis and cancer; the monitoring time can be shortened to 3-6 months, and the monitoring content: liver ultrasound and AFP. a considerable part of the combined patients with liver cancer who already have abdominal pain and jaundice are already in the middle or late stage, which affects the treatment effect, while the treatment effect of early liver cancer is still relatively good. The treatment effect of early stage liver cancer is still relatively good. Due to the improvement of public health care awareness and living standard, the author often encounters cases of liver cancer detected by physical examination in clinical practice, suggesting that it should not be taken lightly. Liver cancer not related to hepatitis B Although it is said that “life and death are in the hands of fate, but fate is in the hands of God”, a healthy lifestyle is still very beneficial to prevent the occurrence of diseases and prolong life. The rate of hepatitis B virus infection in foreign countries is relatively low, and a significant proportion of liver cancer patients evolve from “alcoholic cirrhosis”. Although alcohol can increase the pleasure, but can bring bad consequences, I hope the national attention. The damage caused by smoking is cumulative and its effects occur in the long term; people who smoke may seem to “get away with it” but may not be able to “get away with it” in the end. A healthy lifestyle, appropriate exercise to improve physical fitness, so that life is full of sunshine and vitality, hope, is not also?