Cardiovascular disease is the disease with the highest morbidity, disability and mortality rate in China. Every year, 500,000 new myocardial infarctions and 2 million strokes occur in China, and the cumulative number of surviving myocardial infarction patients is 1.5 to 2 million, and the cumulative number of surviving stroke patients is 7 to 8 million, and the incidence rate is still rising, and its prevalence is the main reason for the continuous rise in disease burden and medical costs in China. As the onset of cardiovascular disease is getting younger and younger, many patients are in their young and middle age, and the sudden onset of the disease is not only painful for them, but often has a great or even devastating impact on family, work and life! It is worth drawing attention to the fact that with the rapid development of China’s economy and changes in people’s lifestyles, the number of patients with hypertension (160 million), diabetes or impaired blood sugar regulation (nearly 100 million) and dyslipidemia (160 million) is growing rapidly in China, and most patients are not well controlled, which is probably the most important cause of the high incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. It is expected that the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will continue to rise in China in the near future, and the harm caused will become increasingly serious. Therefore, it has become an urgent and important task to further increase the prevention and control efforts, control risk factors, and reduce the incidence, disability and mortality of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases as soon as possible. A large number of results of evidence-based medical research show that the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases can be reduced by 70% to 80% with modern prevention and treatment methods. The medical consensus now is that cardiovascular disease is the most preventable and the most underprevented chronic non-communicable serious disease. So how can we stay away from cardiovascular disease and have a healthy life? At present, the internationally recognized method of prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease is ABCDE strategy, we are here to make a brief introduction: A: Antiplatelet (anti-platelet therapy), Anticoagulation (anticoagulation therapy) Anti-platelet drug therapy is currently commonly used in two drugs 1, aspirin: recommended to take 75-150mg per day, taken after meals can alleviate gastrointestinal irritation. Although long-term aspirin therapy has the potential to increase the risk of bleeding complications, the results of several existing medical studies have shown that the benefits to patients are significantly higher than their risks, and therefore should be used as long as there are no contraindications. The main adverse effects are gastrointestinal bleeding or hypersensitivity to aspirin. Patients who cannot tolerate aspirin can be treated with clopidogrel as an alternative. 2. Clopidogrel: 75 mg once a day for patients who are intolerant to aspirin, with efficacy comparable to or better than that of aspirin. The drug has a rapid onset of action, with an effective blood concentration reached 2 hours after a single dose of 300mg. Anticoagulants are mainly used in hospitals where they are available, mainly for patients with atrial fibrillation, frequent TIA (transient ischemic attack) for which antiplatelet therapy is ineffective, or for patients with vertebrobasilar (posterior circulation system) TIA who can be considered for anticoagulation. B: Blood Pressure (control of blood pressure), BMI (strict control of body mass index) No one is a stranger to hypertension, but what is the ideal level to control blood pressure? According to different situations, the following are recommended: 1. Blood pressure (systolic and diastolic) should be strictly controlled below 140/90mmHg in patients with common hypertension; 2. Patients with coronary heart disease should be reduced to below 130/85mmHg; 3. Patients with diabetes and renal disease should be reduced to below 130/80mmHg; diabetic patients should start antihypertensive treatment from ≥130/80mmHg; 4. Diabetes with ischemic heart disease, blood pressure should be lowered to below 120/80mmHg; 5. Systolic blood pressure in the elderly should be lowered to below 150mmHg, and can be further lowered if there are no uncomfortable manifestations caused by low blood pressure. Obese people are vulnerable to cardiovascular disease, which is inseparable from obesity leading to hypertension, hyperlipidemia, hyperglycemia and insulin resistance. Obese people who exceed the standard weight by more than 20% have a significantly increased risk of hypertension, diabetes or coronary heart disease. The relative risk of developing ischemic stroke is more than two times higher in obese people. The relative risk of ischemic stroke increases with increasing BMI. Ischemic stroke risk. Weight control is an enduring and popular topic, and regular conscious exercise and daily weight measurement are encouraged to facilitate attention and conscious control to achieve weight goals. C: Cholesterol (pay attention to cholesterol), Cigrette (quit smoking) Serum total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is elevated, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is reduced and cardiovascular disease has a close relationship. Studies have shown that for every 1% reduction in serum cholesterol, the risk of coronary heart disease can be reduced by 2%; evidence-based medicine shows that correcting dyslipidemia with lipid-lowering drugs such as statins can reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease accidents by 20% to 30%. Smoking is a recognized risk factor for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular disease. Smoking damages many systems throughout the body, with the most prominent damage to the vascular and hematological systems, such as: damage to vascular endothelial cells, causing vasospasm, accelerating atherosclerosis, increasing fibrinogen levels, promoting platelet aggregation, lowering HDL levels, promoting thrombosis, plaque instability, and arrhythmias. Smoking is an independent risk factor for stroke, and the risk increases with the amount of smoking. The relative risk of ischemic stroke in smokers is about 2.5-5.6, and the risk of acute myocardial infarction increases 4-fold for every 1-fold increase in total smoking. It is important to note that long-term passive smoking can increase the risk of stroke by 1.82 times and the risk of coronary events by 3.5 times. Therefore, smoking cessation should become a serious issue without delay. D: Diabetes, Diet Glucose metabolism disorders play a very negative role in the development of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiovascular disease; however, at least half of diabetic patients are asymptomatic and are detected only after glucose testing, and fasting glucose tests miss 80% of early diabetic patients. Pre-diabetes is now known to cause serious damage to the heart and brain vessels, so it should be given special attention. In addition to regular fasting glucose checks, postprandial glucose should be measured to clarify the presence of abnormal glucose metabolism. Diet therapy is an indispensable component of cardiovascular disease prevention. Food variety should be as rich as possible, nutrition should be comprehensive and balanced, and calories should be less; calorie distribution: 25%-30% fat, 55%-65% carbohydrate, <15% protein; salt limit should be within 6 grams/day, especially for hypertensive patients, who should strictly limit food salty; calcium intake should be 1,000-1,500mg per day to reduce the risk of osteoporosis, and daily Drink the right amount of milk every day. Excessive alcohol consumption should be limited, especially in patients with obesity, hypertension, and/or hypertriglyceridemia. E: Education, Exercise, Examination Health education is the most important and effective means of disease prevention. Patients or their families can reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease to a certain extent by consciously learning about the symptoms of common diseases and acquiring the necessary knowledge and hazards. Exercise can strengthen the function and overall improvement of the cardiovascular system; it also helps to control blood sugar, improve blood pressure and blood lipid levels. The approach to exercise is recommended to be moderate, regular and individualized; at least 30 minutes of moderate intensity activities such as jogging, brisk walking, cycling, swimming, etc. are encouraged daily. Regular medical checkups are essential for people over 40 years of age, usually once a year to check heart function, especially for atrial fibrillation or ischemic changes; measure blood glucose and lipids, and treat abnormalities as soon as they are detected.