Pediatric lumpectomy is a representative of minimally invasive pediatric surgery and is one of the hallmarks of modern pediatric surgical development. Laparoscopic surgery has permeated many aspects of pediatric surgery and has led to a dramatic change in surgical approach, bringing the concept of minimally invasive surgery to pediatric surgery and making it widely accepted by patients and physicians. In the 1970s, Steven Gans’ use of laparoscopy to diagnose biliary atresia and gonadal anomalies marked the beginning of pediatric laparoscopic surgery. In 1990, adult surgeon Gotz reported the first laparoscopic pediatric appendectomy, and in 1992, pediatric surgeons Gilchrist and Lobe reported the first laparoscopic appendectomy and other procedures. After several generations of pediatric surgeons, trans-laparoscopy can safely perform most pediatric cesarean procedures. Currently, 90-95% of all pediatric abdominal surgical diseases in developed countries are treated laparoscopically, and it has become a mature modern surgical technique, marking the advent of a new era in pediatric surgery. As a microinvasive surgical technique, laparoscopy has an important application in the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric abdominal surgical diseases, showing its unique superiority. The laparoscope allows the surgeon to view the entire abdominal cavity through a 3 or 5 mm incision in the umbilical fossa and to treat coexisting lesions in both the upper and lower abdomen, and to reveal areas that are difficult to expose during routine open surgery, such as the posterior bladder and subdiaphragm, with minimal impact on the child. The emergence of minimally invasive laparoscopic surgical techniques has abolished the traditional “open abdominal exploration” and spared the child the pain of open surgery in the diagnosis of some diseases. Because laparoscopic techniques are not only minimally invasive but also precise, tissue structures can be magnified under the microscope, facilitating precise separation, hemostasis, ligation and suturing operations, and facilitating teaching and documentation. As a result, laparoscopic techniques allow surgeons to operate at a more precise and microscopic level, leading to breakthroughs in the overall treatment of pediatric surgical conditions. In the past, conventional open surgery for the treatment of some small infants with gastrointestinal and urinary tract anomalies was highly invasive and had a high mortality rate. In some cases, considering the young age of the child, it is difficult to withstand major surgery, so we have to adopt the treatment plan of staged surgery, i.e., temporary palliative surgery in the neonatal period to let the child survive, and then radical surgery when the child grows up, for example, congenital anal atresia children have to be operated in three stages: colostomy, anoplasty and fistula. The minimally invasive nature of laparoscopic surgery is less invasive to the child, and the operation is precise and can be done early to cure the congenital malformation in one go. Conventional open surgery causes damage to the skin, muscles, nerves and other tissues of the abdominal wall, exposure and touching of internal organs during surgery, which is devastating to the child, slow recovery after surgery, and many complications after surgery, especially the permanent scar left after surgery, which leaves a shadow on the child and his or her relatives and affects the psychological development of the child during growth. The development of pediatric lumpectomy surgery – in line with physiology, minimally invasive Minimally invasive, non-invasive is the goal of the pursuit of surgery, from traditional open surgery to small incision surgery to the development of lumpectomy surgery, are along this line. The “trans-natural orifice endoscopic surgery” and “transumbilical single-port laparoscopic technique” are the result of the trend of minimally invasive surgery. “Natural orifice tansluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) is the introduction of a flexible endoscope into the abdominal cavity through the natural orifices of the body such as the oral, anal, urethral and vaginal cavities to perform various surgical procedures. The advantages of NOTES surgery over ordinary endoscopic surgery are: no abdominal wall incision and scar; less pain; faster recovery; and fewer complications; there are few reports on the clinical application of NOTES surgery in pediatric surgery, but with the improvement of instruments and operational stability, its advantages will be fully revealed, and the prospects of NOTES surgery in pediatric surgery are good. The transumbilical single-port laparoscopic technique involves placing a puncture cannula with multiple operating holes through the umbilical port and introducing the instruments and lumpectomy through the operating orifice on the cannula to complete the surgical operation. Pediatric surgeons have been able to perform a variety of procedures such as pyloromyotomy, hernia sac ligation, cholecystectomy, appendectomy, small bowel diverticulectomy, etc. using this technique. Advantages: small incision on the body surface, low postoperative complication rate, mild postoperative pain and short hospital stay, and inconspicuous surgical scar. The use of this technique has further reduced surgical trauma and has benefited a large number of children. While actively adopting the latest technology, pediatric lumpectomy surgeons have been exploring innovations in the course of clinical practice to reduce the number of puncture holes, decrease pneumoperitoneal pressure, shorten operative time, reduce the number of operations, expand the scope of surgery, and change the surgical approach path, in an effort to make lumpectomy less traumatic and more physiologically appropriate. The authors have made some attempts in these areas. The first successful application of laparoscopic stenosing choledochoplasty for choledochal cysts with bile duct stenosis (previously considered contraindicated for surgery), the first report of laparoscopic surgery for symptomatic choledochal cysts in newborns, the first report of trans-laparoscopic treatment of type I and II biliary atresia, the first report of extrapleural plate placement for funnel chest (previously the plate was in direct contact with the lung through the pleural cavity), and the first proposal of choledochal principles and methods of resection paths for radical cysts, etc., laparoscopic-assisted high anus-free and one-cavity anus one-stage anoplasty, etc. (previously requiring two or even three stage surgery).