Clinical cure is possible after treatment of nephroblastoma, but it recurs in 10% to 15% of children. Childhood renal malignancies account for about 7% of all childhood malignancies, of which nephroblastoma, also known as Wilms’ tumor (WT), is a genitourinary embryonic malignant tumor disease and is the most common renal tumor in children under the age of 15 years, accounting for about 90% of cases. The most common clinical manifestations are painless abdominal mass, abdominal pain, hematuria of the naked eye, hypertension, fever, and weight loss. Currently, it is advocated that surgical treatment and chemotherapy should be combined to treat WT. If the tumor can be completely removed, it is generally recommended to operate first; for those who have difficulty in surgical resection, chemotherapy can be given before surgery; if non-nephroblastoma is suspected before operation, it is recommended to take a biopsy first, and then chemotherapy should be given after the pathology examination confirms the diagnosis. Some studies claim that the overall survival rate of children with nephroblastoma has improved significantly, with the 5-year overall survival rate increasing from 30% to over 90%. There are also studies stating that patients with a good histologic prognosis for nephroblastoma also have a 15% likelihood of recurrence. Some studies in China illustrate that 10% to 15% of children with WT will recur, and the survival rate is greatly reduced after recurrence. If nephroblastoma is suspected or diagnosed, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital for comprehensive evaluation of the condition, follow the doctor’s instructions to cooperate with the treatment, choose the appropriate treatment plan, and follow the doctor’s instructions to review the condition after treatment, so as not to delay the condition.