Spine surgery is the use of surgical means to treat spinal dysfunction caused by degeneration, trauma, infection, tumor, deformity, etc. of the spine. Pathological changes in the spine often lead to damage to itself and adjacent structures such as the spinal cord, nerves, blood vessels and other structures, causing neck and shoulder pain, low back and leg pain, as well as numbness, weakness, unsteadiness in walking, urination and defecation and even sexual dysfunction in the limbs, and in severe cases, paralysis. Most degenerative spinal diseases, minor trauma, and infectious diseases (tuberculosis or septic) can be treated by conservative means such as physical therapy, brace braking, and medications, but over-reliance on conservative measures, even in cases where the cause of neck, shoulder, and low back pain is not yet clear, often delays or even aggravates the condition. Most spinal tumors and spinal deformities require surgical treatment. Patients with these symptoms should be evaluated, diagnosed and treated by a spine surgeon.