Chronic lumbar sprain is an accumulative injury caused by repeated mechanical forces on muscles, ligaments, fascia and joint capsule, and its main manifestation is lumbar pain. Etiology The pathogenic factors related to chronic lumbar sprain are: ① Acute lumbar sprain without timely and reasonable treatment, extended to chronic lumbar sprain. ② Long-term bending work and abnormal working posture, the soft tissues of the lumbar region are in a long-term strain or repeatedly slightly injured. ③ congenital deformity of the spine, easy to cause the spine and surrounding tissue power balance disorders, secondary to soft tissue injury. ④Degenerative spinal deformities can also cause a loss of dynamic balance between the spine and surrounding soft tissues, resulting in cumulative injury to the soft tissues of the low back. Pathology The pathogenesis and location of the lesion are different, but the pathological changes are basically the same. The basic pathological changes are aseptic inflammation, congestion, exudation, edema and eventually tissue degeneration, fascial fibrosis, adhesions, contractures and nerve entrapment. Clinical symptoms Patients with chronic lumbar sprain have a slow onset and a long course, usually without a clear history of acute trauma, but often with a long history of poor posture work and labor. Some patients have acute lumbar sprain without timely and reasonable treatment and turn into chronic lumbar pain. The general symptoms are not heavy, often feel lumbar pain, can not sit or stand for a long time, the symptoms increase when sitting or standing for a long time, and ease after rest. Symptoms are aggravated or recur when the climate changes or when the patient is in an air-conditioned room for a long time. Signs Patients with different types of lumbar injury may have different degrees of pressure pain in different parts of the body, but the degree is less than that of acute lumbar sprain. Some patients have normal lumbar movement and feel comfortable when pressing or tapping on the lumbar region instead. When the lumbar muscle is damaged, there is often pressure pain at the sacrum where it is attached. In the case of supraspinous or interspinous ligament injury, the pressure pain point is on the supraspinous or interspinous processes. In some patients, the pressure pain points are widespread or there are no fixed pressure pain points. Diagnosis Imaging is generally free of abnormal changes, but chronic damage to soft tissues due to spinal deformities will be found positively in the x-ray frontal and lateral views. Diagnosis of chronic lumbar sprain mainly relies on history and clinical examination, but it is important to carefully exclude lumbar pain caused by other diseases. Treatment Various non-surgical treatment measures are effective, and treatments such as rest, tui na massage, acupuncture, physiotherapy, traction, pain point closure, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can be applied according to the situation. For a small number of people whose non-surgical treatment is ineffective and whose symptoms are severe, extravertebral soft tissue release is feasible. Prevention Prevention is the fundamental method to reduce the incidence. Preventive measures are as follows: ①Promote the basic knowledge of low back pain carefully so that patients have a correct understanding of low back pain. ②Patients should maintain the correct operation and position at work and avoid working for a long time in a fixed position. ③Enhance physical fitness, improve lumbar muscle endurance, carry out lumbar and abdominal muscle exercises and other sports therapies, such as swimming, etc. ④Advocate workplace exercises. ⑤ For acute or incipient soft tissue lumbago, treat it in time to prevent it from becoming chronic with delay. ⑥To combine work and rest, improve working conditions and protective facilities.