Renal pelvic cancer is a tumor that occurs in the epithelium of the renal pelvis or calyces, accounting for about 10% of all renal tumors. About 95% of renal tumors are malignant, while benign ones are rare. Cancer occurring in the renal parenchyma is called renal parenchymal cancer, and cancer occurring in the renal pelvis is called renal pelvic cancer. The diagnosis of renal pelvis cancer mainly includes the following methods: 1.Early appearance of ocular hematuria, renal colic and hydronephrosis. 2.Intravenous urography: it shows irregular filling defect of renal pelvis, hydronephrosis of renal calyces and renal pelvis, ureteral implantation cancer, and renal arteriogram if necessary to help diagnosis. 3.Cystoscopy: blood spraying from ureteral orifice, or implantation cancer can be seen. 4.Cancer cells can be detected in urine; 5.B ultrasound and CT examination. There is no obvious difference between the left and right sites of renal pelvis cancer, and both sides can occur at the same time. Due to the thin wall of renal pelvis and rich lymphatic tissue around, tumor cells can easily metastasize to the lymph nodes next to the abdominal aorta and the neck. Because of the thin wall of the renal pelvis and abundant surrounding lymphatic tissue, tumor cells can easily metastasize to the parietal aorta and lymph nodes of the neck. Treatment is mainly surgical, with removal of the diseased kidney and the entire ureter, including the part of the bladder next to the ureteral opening, to prevent further tumors in the remaining ureter.