Most of the immunotherapy for esophageal cancer is still in the stage of clinical trial, and it depends on the patient’s condition and physical condition. Immunotherapy for esophageal cancer mainly enhances patients’ own immunity, restores the function of T-cells, and plays the role of recognizing and killing cancer cells. It is mostly used after the failure of second-line treatment, but most of the patients still have the effect, which can help to reduce the size of tumors, improve the uncomfortable symptoms, and prolong the survival cycle. Nowadays, the more commonly used immunotherapy drugs for esophageal cancer include PD-1 and PD-L1 inhibitors, which can effectively activate the immune receptors and thus restore the self-resistance ability of the patients, thus playing a therapeutic effect, but not every patient is suitable and effective, and it is necessary to do the relevant examination and analysis.