Interventions for hearing impaired infants and children are generally divided into surgical and non-surgical interventions. With the exception of secretory otitis media, which is often treated conservatively, conductive hearing impairment is often treated surgically and followed up, and sensorineural hearing impairment, which is often treated non-surgically and followed up closely at an early stage (within 10 months), after which, depending on the hearing aid effect and speech development, either cochlear implantation or continued wearing of hearing aids is chosen. 1. Mild hearing impairment: Intervention varies from country to country and region to region. French scholars believe that premature hearing aid fitting has not been proven to help mild hearing impairment, and some parents do not believe that hearing aids can help their children and therefore change their intervention strategy for mild hearing impairment. At the beginning of the implementation of newborn hearing screening, children with mild hearing impairment were recommended to be fitted with hearing aids, but now hearing follow-up is used instead, and hearing aids are generally not advocated for children with very mild hearing impairment. Professors Lihui Huang and Deming Han suggest that children with mild hearing impairment should be followed up for at least 8-10 months to determine permanent hearing impairment before they are fitted with hearing aids. 2.Moderate hearing impairment: Hearing aids are the preferred intervention method and the results are often very good. However, in practice, some parents are reluctant to match hearing aids to their children when they observe that the children can hear louder sounds in their bare ears; some children cannot get standard hearing aid matching services because their families’ economic conditions do not allow it or the matching mechanism is not perfect in remote areas. According to Professors Lihui Huang and Deming Han, if a child is diagnosed with moderate hearing impairment for two times and there is still no significant improvement in hearing at 6 months, he/she should start to choose hearing aids. After the selection and fitting, hearing training should be conducted for 1 to 1.5 months, after which the hearing aid should be commissioned and the training should continue after the commissioning. If it is conductive hearing impairment with bilateral external atresia, you can choose to wear bone anchored hearing aids in early stage. 3.Severe hearing impairment: If found within 6 months, advocate the first choice of hearing aids, based on the assessment of the effect of hearing aids, change the intervention method at any time. If the hearing aid effect is obvious, continue to wear the hearing aid and follow up; if the effect is not good, consider cochlear implant or vibrating sound bridge, etc. and enter into surgical intervention. 4.Extreme hearing impairment: If found within 6 months, you should first try to choose hearing aids, if not effective, then consider cochlear implant surgery in time. Ideally, children with profound hearing impairment should be fitted with bilateral hearing aids within 3 months, and a multidisciplinary team should monitor their progress in both auditory skills and pre-verbal vocalization. If a child with profound hearing loss does not make significant progress in language even with bilateral hearing aids and intensive rehabilitation, cochlear implantation should be considered at about 10 months of age. 5. Other special hearing impairments: For children with external ear deformities or other conductive hearing impairments that cannot be treated by traditional surgery, bone-conduction hearing aids or bone-anchored hearing aids can be used. Vibrating acoustic bridges are semi-implantable hearing reconstruction devices for children with moderate to severe sensorineural, conductive and mixed hearing impairments. With the gradual application of the above new technology to the clinic, it solves the problem that some children with conductive hearing impairment cannot get help from ordinary hearing aids. 6.On the issue of drug treatment: This is the most concerned parents and the first thought of the approach. Professor Huang’s advice is: “For infants and children diagnosed with conductive hearing loss (secretory otitis media), firstly, parents should be instructed to prevent colds as much as possible and to maintain the correct posture and way of breastfeeding, followed by close observation (3 months from the date of diagnosis) and regular follow-up, with a review every 3 to 6 months until the middle ear exudate disappears completely (tympanic chamber conductivity). For children older than 6 months, medication, surgical interventions (tympanic tube placement, adenoidectomy, etc.) and hearing aids are indicated. And for infants with congenital sensorineural hearing loss, especially those within 3 months of age, it is common to encounter clinical requests from some parents to inject their children with nerve growth factor or give them treatments such as hyperbaric oxygen; it is worth emphasizing that not only are these two treatments not recommended, but they should be prohibited.” Therefore, there are various types of hearing impairment in babies, and the means of treatment and intervention should be determined by the condition. The Audiology Specialist Clinic of the Department of Otolaryngology at the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University can diagnose your baby’s hearing and provide a full range of treatments, including cochlear implant surgery (it is currently the only national designated unit in Yunnan Province that independently performs cochlear implants).