According to statistics, 800,000 of the 3 million people with severe deafness in China are children, and this number is growing at a rate of 30,000 per year, with each deaf child costing six times more than a normal child. Hearing impairment is a common birth defect. The incidence of hearing loss in normal newborns is about 1 to 3 per 1,000. Among newborns resuscitated in intensive care units, the incidence of hearing impairment is as high as 22.6%. Hearing impairment in infants and young children is not easily detected through general observation. Since it takes 1 to 1.5 years for a newborn to speak after birth, and some children will be delayed until 2 years old, and before 2 years old is the peak of the child’s language development, therefore, by the time parents find that something is wrong with their child and then seek medical attention, it is usually more than 2 years old, and the rehabilitation effect is much worse. Therefore, the only way to detect the problem early is to have an early hearing screening; otherwise, more than 50% of children with congenital hearing loss will miss out on treatment. It is important to emphasize that newborns and infants with a family history of permanent hearing loss in children, maternal infection with cytomegalovirus, rubella, herpes, syphilis, toxoplasmosis, and other high-risk factors such as hyperbilirubinemia and bacterial meningitis should also receive hearing monitoring every 6 months until the age of 3. This is because the above-mentioned newborns and infants may have little hearing problems at birth, but later on they may develop delayed or progressive hearing loss, and without regular hearing monitoring, hearing loss may be missed. The early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention of hearing impairment can minimize the disability caused by hearing problems and make deaf children deaf but not dumb. OAE is recommended worldwide and in China for early screening of newborns and infants for early detection, diagnosis, and intervention. OAE is an audio energy produced in the cochlea and released into the external auditory canal via the auditory chain and tympanic membrane conduction, and is one of the easiest and most reliable hearing screening techniques available. This technique is objective, sensitive and quick and non-invasive, and is mainly used for hearing screening of newborns and infants to provide an objective and accurate picture of cochlear hearing function. When the child is asleep or quiet, the healthcare provider places a small ear plug into the child’s ear canal and the screening process is usually completed in only 5 to 10 minutes. The whole process is non-invasive, fast and accurate, and can detect hearing impaired children at an early stage.