If a child passes the hearing screening only when he or she turns one year old, it should be taken seriously and a thorough examination should be done to detect any lesions in the child’s ear canal. Since the age of one year is the high incidence of speech and language, it is important to treat any lesions in the ear canal in a timely manner so as not to affect speech function. Hearing screening is a routine screening program, which refers to the objective electrophysiological method of hearing examination for newly born infants, and its fundamental purpose is to achieve early detection, early diagnosis and early intervention for congenital hearing disorders. The current newborn hearing screening program consists of two tests: Otoacoustic Emissions Examination (OAE), a test to assess the function of the outer hair cells and some inner hair cells of the inner ear, and Automatic Auditory Brainstem Evoked Potential (AABR), an objective hearing test for patients who are unable to cooperate with the hearing test. Hearing screening is divided into two stages: primary screening and re-screening. All newborns born at 3 days of age should be given primary hearing screening in areas of China where it is available, and if they fail the primary screening, they need to be re-screened 42 days after birth; if they still fail the re-screening, they need to be referred to a large tertiary hospital for diagnostic hearing tests within 3 months after birth. Therefore, if the hearing screening is passed at one year of age, it is necessary to conduct a comprehensive examination to rule out any other diseases.