Lung cancer is the cancer with the highest incidence and mortality rate in the world today. However, lung cancer can be prevented. The United States and the United Kingdom have been implementing measures such as tobacco control and improving the atmospheric environment since the 1960s, and the incidence and mortality rates of lung cancer have been on a downward trend since the 1980s. As long as we adhere to the prevention-oriented approach, it will bring about a reduction in the incidence and mortality rate of lung cancer. Class I prevention, also known as etiological prevention, is a measure taken to address the cause of the disease when it has not yet occurred, and is fundamentally based on strengthening research on the cause of the disease and reducing exposure to risk factors. Lung cancer progresses rapidly and has poor prognosis, and there is a lack of effective phase II prevention measures, so primary prevention should be given priority. (a) Smoking control is the primary measure. (b) Improving the environment is another important means. Such as strengthening effective ventilation in the living room, the use of air purification devices, the use of environmentally friendly interior decoration materials, cooking to choose the right type of oil and the use of hoods to prevent inhalation of harmful gases. (c) Strengthen occupational protection work, prevent occupational lung cancer, and have regular medical checkups. (iv) Dietary prevention and chemoprevention aim to prevent and control lung cancer by using drugs, foods or nutrients to intervene in precancerous lesions, prevent lung carcinogenesis and differentiate and reverse tumor cells. Studies have confirmed the role of various foods in lung cancer prevention. Level II prevention, also known as “three early preventions”, includes early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment. Screening for high-risk groups as much as possible, early detection, and timely measures to prevent further development. Mainly, X-ray examination (fluoroscopy, small chest film, frontal and lateral chest film, tomography film, CT film), sputum exfoliation cytology examination, fiberoptic bronchoscopy and other means should be applied regularly. If suspicious conditions are found, further examination will be performed. Several studies in the UK, Japan and the US have proved that 90% of early stage lung cancer survival after surgery is >10 years. Therefore, there is no need to be too alarmed. The key is to raise safety awareness, be alert to physical abnormalities and go to a professional physician for consultation in a timely manner. Therefore, the key is to raise the awareness of safety, be alert to the body’s abnormalities, and go to professional doctors for consultation in time. Level III prevention is a measure taken during the clinical stage of the disease to reduce the harm of the disease, mainly including symptomatic treatment and rehabilitation treatment, in order to prevent disability and promote functional recovery, improve the quality of life, prolong life expectancy and reduce the death rate of the disease. Lung cancer patients diagnosed with the disease are given timely and the most reasonable comprehensive and effective treatment to improve the efficacy, reduce complications and effectively prevent the recurrence and metastasis of cancer. Focus on rehabilitation, palliative and pain relief treatment, physical, psychological, nutritional and exercise guidance to maximize the survival rate and quality of life of patients. People always think that lung cancer treatment is always “dead and alive”, but with the rapid development of medical science, the treatment of lung cancer is not what it used to be, and the era of turning lung cancer into a “chronic disease” has come.