Cerebral white matter degeneration is mainly caused by extensive neurological myelin loss in the white matter of the brain and is often seen in cerebral atherosclerosis, toxic, hereditary, infectious, metabolic diseases, vascular diseases, tumors, and hydrocephalus. In these diseases, patients often show cognitive dysfunction, problems with comprehension, calculation, and orientation, and are often unable to take care of themselves, have dysfunctions, and in severe cases, may develop ataxia, abnormal posture and gait, and unstable walking. Clinically, for these diseases, early prevention of atherosclerosis and active control of risk factors can effectively prevent the occurrence of these diseases, which are often caused by nerve damage in the brain.