With the rapid development of molecular biology in recent years, targeted therapy is gradually becoming one of the main treatments for lung cancer, and in China, traditional Chinese medicine plays a unique role in the comprehensive treatment of lung cancer. The characteristics of each treatment are briefly described below. Surgical treatment is to completely remove the primary tumor of lung through surgery and to clear the local lymph nodes in order to achieve the purpose of curing the tumor, and surgery is mainly suitable for stage I to IIIA cases. Radiotherapy is commonly known as “baking electricity”, which uses various types of radiation (such as cobalt 60, electron ray from medical linear gas pedal, X-ray and neutron ray, etc.) to kill tumor cells and achieve the purpose of tumor treatment. Radiotherapy is divided into radical radiotherapy, palliative radiotherapy, preoperative radiotherapy, postoperative radiotherapy and intracavitary radiotherapy. Whether early or advanced lung cancer patients, radiotherapy is an essential and important tool. The current radiotherapy methods have been greatly improved, and the precise radiotherapy techniques represented by 3D conformal and stereotactic radiotherapy such as Gamma Knife have been promoted to clinical practice and are becoming more and more mature, which can accurately locate the tumor, resulting in a high local irradiation dose with little damage to the patient’s normal tissues, and further improving the efficacy. Chemotherapy is the application of cytotoxic chemical drugs to treat tumors. According to the purpose of treatment, chemotherapy can be divided into preoperative chemotherapy, postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy, palliative chemotherapy and so on. With the continuous introduction of new drugs, chemotherapy occupies an important position in lung cancer treatment. The toxic side effects of chemotherapy are generally within the control of doctors, and most patients can tolerate chemotherapy. Targeted therapy refers to the application of specific drugs to interfere or block certain specific targets in the process of tumor development, such as cell receptors, signal transduction and angiogenesis, in order to achieve the purpose of treating tumors. Targeted therapy is characterized by strong selectivity, precise efficacy and low toxic side effects. The commonly used targeted therapy drugs for lung cancer include gefitinib, bevacizumab, etc. The entry of molecular targeted therapy into the clinical field has made a big step forward in individualized tumor treatment. In China, Chinese medicine treatment for lung cancer is characterized by low tumor remission rate but high clinical benefit rate, which means that Chinese medicine has advantages in relieving symptoms, improving quality of life and prolonging survival. Chinese medicine together with modern treatments such as radiotherapy can play a role in reducing toxicity and increasing effectiveness. TCM treatment is centered on dialectical treatment, and the specific modalities include tonics, Chinese patent medicines, Chinese injections, and Chinese external treatment methods. At present, the development trend of tumor treatment has abandoned single treatment and entered the era of multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment. When choosing treatment methods, doctors should specifically analyze the patient’s general condition, the site, size, scope, pathological type, early and late stage of lung cancer as well as whether the cancer has metastasized and spread and how to prevent and control possible metastasis and recurrence. The most appropriate comprehensive treatment plan should be formulated by considering the treatment wishes and economic conditions of family members and patients.