Bones are metabolized daily, and the process of metabolism requires the regulation of some hormones. Hormones that affect bone metabolism include parathyroid hormone, calcitonin, and 25hydroxyvitamin D, which mainly act on the intestine, kidneys, and bones to maintain bone health by regulating the body’s calcium and phosphorus levels, which are deposited in the bones and in a free state. Common diseases include osteochondrosis due to vitamin D deficiency, hyperparathyroidism, osteogenesis imperfecta, osteoporosis, and bone metastases, collectively referred to as osteometabolic diseases. The main manifestations of bone metabolic diseases are skeletal pain and low back pain, especially for the elderly, most of whom develop osteoporosis without obvious manifestations and may have low back pain when turning over at night or getting up. Among the bone metabolic diseases, osteoporosis is the most common. For postmenopausal women and elderly men after 70 years old, they need to pay attention to the presence of osteoporosis and need to be examined and given treatment in time.