Squamous cell carcinoma, also known as epidermoid carcinoma, is a kind of malignant tumor that belongs to the cellular lesion of skin epidermis and its appendages, and includes a variety of carcinomas of tissues and organs covered by squamous epithelium. Therefore, squamous cell carcinoma occurs in the skin, mouth, lips, esophagus, cervix and vagina with squamous epithelium, etc. For some parts without squamous epithelium, squamous cell carcinoma may appear through squamous epithelial metaplasia, such as bronchus, bladder and renal pelvis. There are two types of carcinoma, with different manifestations when it occurs. One type is ulcerative lesion, which is characterized by hard lesion bottom, deeper breakage, elevated edge or even outward turning, as well as symptoms of bleeding. The other type is protrusion-like changes, shaped like cauliflower or nipple, developing around the lesion and producing fishy odor when infection breaks out. In addition to genetic factors, squamous cell carcinoma can also be triggered by excessive sun exposure, immune deficiency, viral infection, etc. Differential diagnosis can be made by CT, MRI and histopathological examination. When the diagnosis of squamous carcinoma is confirmed, treatment should be carried out as early as possible. Firstly, the primary lesion should be controlled by surgical excision, and in severe cases, the disease can be controlled by comprehensive treatment such as radiotherapy, chemotherapy and targeted therapy to relieve the patient’s symptoms. Generally, the prognosis of highly differentiated squamous carcinoma is better, while that of poorly differentiated squamous carcinoma is worse. In daily life, one should avoid long time sunlight exposure, pay attention to one’s own hygiene and skin breakage to reduce the chance of infection, and keep an optimistic attitude, healthy diet and regular work and rest to reduce the risk of cancer to a certain extent.