Pediatric paranal abscesses and fistulas are very common, especially in newborns. Boys account for the majority of cases. It presents with redness and swelling around the anus, crying, and sometimes pus flow. In severe cases, it can cause fever or even severe infection with systemic toxicity. Why is it more common in boys? This is mainly due to the high level of androgens in boys, which makes the glands and lymphatic system in the anal sinus more developed, making it easy for bacteria to attack and cause infection. So how do bacteria attack? Another major cause of paranal abscess is diarrhea. A variety of causes can cause diarrhea in newborns, such as lactose intolerance, milk protein allergy, breast milk diarrhea, and other bacterial or viral causes of enteritis. Diarrhea can cause redness, swelling, or prolapse of the perianal skin, and improper care can lead to bacterial infection due to microscopic damage to local tissues. Therefore, diarrhea is the most important cause of perianal abscess. Repeated infections can result in the formation of a channel between the skin and the anal canal, which we call an anal fistula, from which stool can flow. Sometimes multiple fistulas are formed at the same time. Therefore, fistula formation is the main destination of recurrent paranal abscesses. What can be done to prevent the occurrence of paranal abscesses is, first of all, normal post-poo care. Do not use paper towels to wipe hard after a bowel movement, as this can easily damage the tender skin of the newborn and create conditions for the invasion of bacteria. The correct method is to use live water to flush quietly and then blow dry or dip dry. Secondly, diarrhea should be treated promptly. For the treatment of paranal abscess, the first is local warm water sitz bath plus topical antibiotic ointment for about 7 days, if an abscess appears should promptly go to the hospital to perform an abscess incision and change the medicine. If there are symptoms of systemic infection and poisoning, systemic antibiotic treatment should be added. For those who have already formed an anal fistula, an anal fistula incision or hanging surgery should be performed around 6 months, this surgery is an outpatient surgery without hospitalization. The reason why it is chosen after 6 months is because the stool is basically formed at this time and it is not easy to cause post-operative recurrence.