Due to the different causes of anal fissures, over the past hundred years, there has been a variety of treatments, but there is no universal and reliable method so far. It is generally believed that early anal fissures should be treated conservatively, and the more reliable ones include keeping the stool thin and soft, sitz bath, local medication, anal dilation and injection, etc. For old anal fissures, surgical methods should be used. The common procedures are: lateral sphincterotomy without fissure, posterior sphincterotomy, and fissure resection + sphincterotomy if there are serious comorbidities. However, some important measures of conservative therapy, such as diet, bowel movement and local cleaning, are still the basis of various treatment methods. 2.Anal dilation therapy and internal sphincterotomy: The standard surgical treatment for chronic anal fissure is: internal sphincterotomy and anal canal dilation, but the latter has narrow indications and is not suitable for old anal fissures and combined anal sinusitis. Anal papillomegaly. anterior sentinel hemorrhoids. Subcutaneous fistula. 3.Posterior sphincterotomy and lateral sphincterotomy: posterior sphincterotomy is still an important surgical method for chronic anal fissure with more comorbidities, and lateral internal sphincterotomy is preferred if the patient has no obvious comorbidities. 4.Anal fissure excision + sphincterotomy: It is suitable for patients with old anal fissures with serious complications, with thorough surgery and low recurrence rate, but the incision is relatively large and the healing time is long. In conclusion: In summary, although anal fissures are small, there are many treatment methods, how to choose the therapy, in principle, for fresh anal fissures can be treated conservatively by regulating the diet oral laxative drugs local sitz baths topical pain relief and hemorrhage promotion drugs, etc., by conservative treatment for 2 weeks is not healed, the first choice of anal canal dilatation, for the posterior side of old anal fissures with external hemorrhoids. Anal sinusitis. Anal papillomegaly. Posterior sphincterotomy + lesion excision is preferred for patients with subcutaneous fistula. For old anal fissures in other areas, lateral internal sphincterotomy is preferred if there are no comorbidities.