Painful urination in small children may be related to urinary tract infections, urinary stones, inflammation of the bladder, urethra and neighboring organs, and foreign objects in the urethra or bladder. 1. Urinary tract infections: such as cystitis, urethritis, etc., inflammation irritation of the urethral mucosa or bladder, can cause small children to appear painful urination symptoms. 2. Urinary stones: for example, bladder stones, ureteral bladder stones, urethral stones, etc., the urethra is stimulated, which can cause symptoms of painful urination. 3. Inflammation of the bladder, urethra and neighboring organs: vaginitis, cervicitis, etc., will stimulate the urethra to cause urinary pain symptoms. 3. Foreign bodies in the urethra or bladder: foreign bodies in the urethra or bladder can irritate the urethra and cause painful urination. Children with painful urination symptoms, there may be other reasons, it is recommended to actively seek medical attention, under the guidance of a professional physician for diagnosis and treatment.