China is a highly infected area of hepatitis B. Of the 300 million or 500 million infected people in the world, China has 100 million or 200 million, accounting for 1/3 of the world. nearly 30 million people are in the state of disease, these people are not standardized and timely treatment, will develop into liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, so about 300,000 patients die of liver cirrhosis, liver cancer every year. China from the 1990s to promote the injection of hepatitis B vaccine, the infection rate has dropped significantly, according to statistics in 2010, the national hepatitis B infection rate has dropped to 7, 18%, the infection rate of children aged 1-4 years has dropped to 0, 96%, has exceeded the requirements of the World Health Organization, indicating that the human struggle with the hepatitis B virus has made a breakthrough, but in the treatment can still only control the virus, there is no drug that can Therefore, the treatment of chronic hepatitis B is still a process that requires long-term and sustained comprehensive treatment. What is the goal of hepatitis B treatment? How can control be achieved? Our treatment goal is to eliminate the patient’s symptoms and signs, but also to keep the patient’s liver function normal and stable. Some patients focus on the major and minor triplets, expecting to turn positive to negative, while others think that although the liver function is abnormal, they can eat and drink without making a fuss. These two kinds of people, one is seeking for urgency and adding mental pressure to themselves, the other is not taking it seriously, taking it lightly and losing a good chance of treatment, both are undesirable. How can we achieve this goal? 1, life and living: Hepatitis B patients’ life and living is about being on time, regular, nutritious and happy. Happy is hepatitis B patient life and living should be placed in the first conservation measures, as the saying goes, people are happy spirit, smile a smile ten years less. This means that a good state of mind can bring health and happiness to the body. It can improve the internal environment of our organism to the maximum. What do you mean by internal environment? The place where cells and organs metabolize is called the internal environment. Sadness, depression, anger, sadness, will make our body’s internal environment worse, will make the immune regulation function decline, resulting in immune dysfunction and morbidity. The second is diet, diet to choose fresh, nutritious, easy to digest food, the right amount of fish, meat, eggs and other protein foods and sufficient grains and cereals, vegetables and fruits and other vitamins and trace elements, to eliminate overeating, drinking, high-fat, high-sugar diet. The third is the work and rest, to develop a good habit of regular work and rest. Our body has a biological clock, the human organ functions are in accordance with this rhythm and run, our body has a self-repair function system, this system at night from 9:00 to 3:00 am is the most active period, so we can not artificially to destroy this biological rhythm, absolutely can not stay up late, can not do urgent work, heavy work. Promote aerobic exercise, aerobic exercise is through the right amount of sports to regulate the function of the body systems, so as to achieve the best concordance, to give the simplest example, is that although sweating after exercise, but the next day did not feel back pain, and did not feel the limbs muscle aches, this amount of exercise we call it aerobic exercise. 2, standardized treatment: Speaking of treatment, you may say is not to take medicine, yes, taking drugs on time is treatment, but we must not forget that what drugs to eat, how much to eat, is necessary to determine through laboratory tests. Therefore, regular laboratory examination is also an important and essential part of the standard treatment. (1) medication: liver disease medication is about less, fine, individual differences, however, there are many varieties of drugs for liver disease, which can be divided into four categories: the first category is anti-inflammatory and liver-protective drugs, such as glycyrrhiza sweetener, reduced glutathione, hepatitis spirit injection, five lipid capsules, etc. The second category is anti-fibrotic drugs, such as turtle nail soft liver tablets, Anluo Huafu pill, Fu Zheng Hua Yu capsule, Silymarin tablets, etc. The third category is immunomodulatory drugs, such as thymidine, glucagon, interferon, interleukin-2, etc. The fourth category is antiviral drugs, such as interferon, nucleoside drugs, these drugs can be selected or combined according to the patient’s condition, when using, liver-protective drugs should be sufficient, and reduce gradually to prevent rebound. Immunomodulatory drugs are about timing and individual differences. In addition to timing and individual differences, antiviral drugs should be long-term, regular and quantitative. (2) Regular check-ups: Through regular check-ups, doctors can know what state the patient’s body is in? Is your condition mild or severe? Which system or organ is wrong? What pathogens have invaded your body, etc.? Only then can we know how well the patient is doing with the medication and whether the condition is under control? Is it cured? So that the doctor can prescribe the right medicine. There are many patients with hepatitis B cirrhosis who have no obvious symptoms in the early stage, but the liver function test transaminases are often abnormal. Therefore, it is not possible to judge only by the patient’s feelings, especially for hepatitis B. If the medicine is the bullet in the chamber, then the laboratory test is the sight on the gun, and it is difficult to have a good weapon if there is no sight. So what tests are done for hepatitis B patients? And how to check it? The first is to check liver function, which gives us an idea of the current damage to the liver and its functional status, and allows us to know the patient’s prognosis for possible illnesses. One of the most sensitive indicators is glutathione. Glutathione is found in liver cells and is released from liver cells when they are swollen or necrotic, so when elevated levels of glutathione are measured in the blood, it indicates that liver cells are damaged. This test should be done every six months or once a year for people who are carriers of the virus or first when they feel unwell. For patients with abnormal liver function, the test should be done every two weeks. When the liver function is normal again, the test can be gradually extended to monthly, quarterly or semi-annually. What kind of medication should be used? Can the dosage be reduced or stopped? The second is the ultrasound examination, ultrasound examination is like a doctor wearing a fluoroscope, can see how the organs in the patient’s belly, become larger or smaller? The substance has become thicker or thinner? Is it uniform or uneven? Is there anything extra? And so on, through the ultrasound examination at a glance. It is a tool to determine the extent and morphological structure of the liver lesions. It is a must for both old patients and first-time patients, and is usually done once every six months to a year, or once a month to three months if there is an abnormality. The third is to check the five quantitative hepatitis B. It is the natural history of the hepatitis B virus in the host’s body. We know: people do not live in a vacuum, not in a safe, there are viruses and bacteria everywhere around us, there are harmful microorganisms, why we can live peacefully, it is thanks to our body has a line of defense to prevent foreign microorganisms invade our body, it is our body’s immune system, with this system pathogens will be blocked at the door, will be cleared. It is the immune system of our body, with this system pathogens will be kept out and will be cleared away. So how does the body remove the invading pathogens? The pathogens that invade the body are called antigens, and the substances produced in the body to fight these antigens are called antibodies. In the early stages, when the antigen invades the body, the body does not have the corresponding antibodies, so how can antibodies be produced? This requires the immune cells of our immune system to produce antibodies through recognition and response, and finally the antibodies produced to neutralize the invading antigen and complete the task of removing the pathogen. “It reflects the state of our body’s immune response to the hepatitis B virus, whether the virus replication activity prevails? Is it the viral replication activity that prevails or is it the immunity of the body that prevails? It is not a reflection of the severity of the hepatitis B disease. This test will determine if antiviral therapy is needed? How effective is the antiviral therapy? Is there a possibility of virus mutation? The fourth is to check the amount of hepatitis B virus. The amount of hepatitis B virus is the most intuitive indicator of infection for hepatitis B infected patients. The diagnosis of hepatitis B patients, the effect of antiviral treatment for hepatitis B patients, and whether the virus is mutating can all be known through this test. The fifth is other related tests, such as blood coagulation routine, blood routine, CT, etc. Here we should emphasize that the prothrombin activity in the blood coagulation routine is still the golden indicator to determine the prognosis of the patient and whether to perform liver transplantation. We have a general understanding of the treatment goals and how to treat hepatitis B patients, but how to deal with some special patients such as pediatric patients and pregnant patients? 1, pediatric patients: should be actively treated, but should be carefully selected drugs, as long as there are appropriate symptoms, children over 2 years of age are advocated antiviral therapy. 2, pregnant patients: should be closely monitored, mainly to raise, weigh the pros and cons, careful use of drugs, mostly antiviral treatment, the choice of tibivudine or lamivudine. 3, hepatitis B virus carriers: long-term monitoring, no drug treatment. Finally, the prevention of hepatitis B: 1, first of all, we must pay attention to personal hygiene, to eliminate sexual impurity, drug abuse and other vices, to avoid common razors, toothbrushes and other infectious supplies, and try to avoid invasive treatment at individual medical stations, such as acupuncture, tooth extraction, drug exchange, etc. 2, high-risk groups can take vaccination prevention. 3, accidentally exposed people can first do the five hepatitis B tests, and inject hepatitis B immunoglobulin and hepatitis B vaccine respectively within 24 hours, and then inject the second and third hepatitis B vaccine respectively in 1 month and 6 months. 4. Newborns whose mothers are positive for hepatitis B should be injected with hepatitis B vaccine and hepatitis B immunoglobulin immediately after birth, and then injected once at 1 month and once again at 6 months, respectively. All hepatitis B vaccine recipients should have their hepatitis B five tests done six months later to find out whether antibodies are produced.